/* Arduino Sd2Card Library Copyright (C) 2009 by William Greiman This file is part of the Arduino Sd2Card Library This Library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with the Arduino Sd2Card Library. If not, see . */ #define USE_SPI_LIB #include #include "Sd2Card.h" //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #ifndef SOFTWARE_SPI #ifdef USE_SPI_LIB #ifndef SDCARD_SPI #define SDCARD_SPI SPI #endif #include static SPISettings settings; #endif // functions for hardware SPI /** Send a byte to the card */ static void spiSend(uint8_t b) { #ifndef USE_SPI_LIB SPDR = b; while (!(SPSR & (1 << SPIF))) ; #else SDCARD_SPI.transfer(b); #endif } /** Receive a byte from the card */ static uint8_t spiRec(void) { #ifndef USE_SPI_LIB spiSend(0XFF); return SPDR; #else return SDCARD_SPI.transfer(0xFF); #endif } #else // SOFTWARE_SPI //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /** nop to tune soft SPI timing */ #define nop asm volatile ("nop\n\t") //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /** Soft SPI receive */ uint8_t spiRec(void) { uint8_t data = 0; // no interrupts during byte receive - about 8 us cli(); // output pin high - like sending 0XFF fastDigitalWrite(SPI_MOSI_PIN, HIGH); for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) { fastDigitalWrite(SPI_SCK_PIN, HIGH); // adjust so SCK is nice nop; nop; data <<= 1; if (fastDigitalRead(SPI_MISO_PIN)) { data |= 1; } fastDigitalWrite(SPI_SCK_PIN, LOW); } // enable interrupts sei(); return data; } //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /** Soft SPI send */ void spiSend(uint8_t data) { // no interrupts during byte send - about 8 us cli(); for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) { fastDigitalWrite(SPI_SCK_PIN, LOW); fastDigitalWrite(SPI_MOSI_PIN, data & 0X80); data <<= 1; fastDigitalWrite(SPI_SCK_PIN, HIGH); } // hold SCK high for a few ns nop; nop; nop; nop; fastDigitalWrite(SPI_SCK_PIN, LOW); // enable interrupts sei(); } #endif // SOFTWARE_SPI //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ // send command and return error code. Return zero for OK uint8_t Sd2Card::cardCommand(uint8_t cmd, uint32_t arg) { // end read if in partialBlockRead mode readEnd(); // select card chipSelectLow(); // wait up to 300 ms if busy waitNotBusy(300); // send command spiSend(cmd | 0x40); // send argument for (int8_t s = 24; s >= 0; s -= 8) { spiSend(arg >> s); } // send CRC uint8_t crc = 0XFF; if (cmd == CMD0) { crc = 0X95; // correct crc for CMD0 with arg 0 } if (cmd == CMD8) { crc = 0X87; // correct crc for CMD8 with arg 0X1AA } spiSend(crc); // wait for response for (uint8_t i = 0; ((status_ = spiRec()) & 0X80) && i != 0XFF; i++) ; return status_; } //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /** Determine the size of an SD flash memory card. \return The number of 512 byte data blocks in the card or zero if an error occurs. */ uint32_t Sd2Card::cardSize(void) { csd_t csd; if (!readCSD(&csd)) { return 0; } if (csd.v1.csd_ver == 0) { uint8_t read_bl_len = csd.v1.read_bl_len; uint16_t c_size = (csd.v1.c_size_high << 10) | (csd.v1.c_size_mid << 2) | csd.v1.c_size_low; uint8_t c_size_mult = (csd.v1.c_size_mult_high << 1) | csd.v1.c_size_mult_low; return (uint32_t)(c_size + 1) << (c_size_mult + read_bl_len - 7); } else if (csd.v2.csd_ver == 1) { uint32_t c_size = ((uint32_t)csd.v2.c_size_high << 16) | (csd.v2.c_size_mid << 8) | csd.v2.c_size_low; return (c_size + 1) << 10; } else { error(SD_CARD_ERROR_BAD_CSD); return 0; } } //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ static uint8_t chip_select_asserted = 0; void Sd2Card::chipSelectHigh(void) { digitalWrite(chipSelectPin_, HIGH); #ifdef USE_SPI_LIB if (chip_select_asserted) { chip_select_asserted = 0; SDCARD_SPI.endTransaction(); } #endif } //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ void Sd2Card::chipSelectLow(void) { #ifdef USE_SPI_LIB if (!chip_select_asserted) { chip_select_asserted = 1; SDCARD_SPI.beginTransaction(settings); } #endif digitalWrite(chipSelectPin_, LOW); } //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /** Erase a range of blocks. \param[in] firstBlock The address of the first block in the range. \param[in] lastBlock The address of the last block in the range. \note This function requests the SD card to do a flash erase for a range of blocks. The data on the card after an erase operation is either 0 or 1, depends on the card vendor. The card must support single block erase. \return The value one, true, is returned for success and the value zero, false, is returned for failure. */ uint8_t Sd2Card::erase(uint32_t firstBlock, uint32_t lastBlock) { if (!eraseSingleBlockEnable()) { error(SD_CARD_ERROR_ERASE_SINGLE_BLOCK); goto fail; } if (type_ != SD_CARD_TYPE_SDHC) { firstBlock <<= 9; lastBlock <<= 9; } if (cardCommand(CMD32, firstBlock) || cardCommand(CMD33, lastBlock) || cardCommand(CMD38, 0)) { error(SD_CARD_ERROR_ERASE); goto fail; } if (!waitNotBusy(SD_ERASE_TIMEOUT)) { error(SD_CARD_ERROR_ERASE_TIMEOUT); goto fail; } chipSelectHigh(); return true; fail: chipSelectHigh(); return false; } //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /** Determine if card supports single block erase. \return The value one, true, is returned if single block erase is supported. The value zero, false, is returned if single block erase is not supported. */ uint8_t Sd2Card::eraseSingleBlockEnable(void) { csd_t csd; return readCSD(&csd) ? csd.v1.erase_blk_en : 0; } //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /** Initialize an SD flash memory card. \param[in] sckRateID SPI clock rate selector. See setSckRate(). \param[in] chipSelectPin SD chip select pin number. \return The value one, true, is returned for success and the value zero, false, is returned for failure. The reason for failure can be determined by calling errorCode() and errorData(). */ uint8_t Sd2Card::init(uint8_t sckRateID, uint8_t chipSelectPin) { errorCode_ = inBlock_ = partialBlockRead_ = type_ = 0; chipSelectPin_ = chipSelectPin; // 16-bit init start time allows over a minute unsigned int t0 = millis(); uint32_t arg; // set pin modes pinMode(chipSelectPin_, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(chipSelectPin_, HIGH); #ifndef USE_SPI_LIB pinMode(SPI_MISO_PIN, INPUT); pinMode(SPI_MOSI_PIN, OUTPUT); pinMode(SPI_SCK_PIN, OUTPUT); #endif #ifndef SOFTWARE_SPI #ifndef USE_SPI_LIB // SS must be in output mode even it is not chip select pinMode(SS_PIN, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(SS_PIN, HIGH); // disable any SPI device using hardware SS pin // Enable SPI, Master, clock rate f_osc/128 SPCR = (1 << SPE) | (1 << MSTR) | (1 << SPR1) | (1 << SPR0); // clear double speed SPSR &= ~(1 << SPI2X); #else // USE_SPI_LIB SDCARD_SPI.begin(); settings = SPISettings(250000, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE0); #endif // USE_SPI_LIB #endif // SOFTWARE_SPI // must supply min of 74 clock cycles with CS high. #ifdef USE_SPI_LIB SDCARD_SPI.beginTransaction(settings); #endif for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 10; i++) { spiSend(0XFF); } #ifdef USE_SPI_LIB SDCARD_SPI.endTransaction(); #endif chipSelectLow(); // command to go idle in SPI mode while ((status_ = cardCommand(CMD0, 0)) != R1_IDLE_STATE) { unsigned int d = millis() - t0; if (d > SD_INIT_TIMEOUT) { error(SD_CARD_ERROR_CMD0); goto fail; } } // check SD version if ((cardCommand(CMD8, 0x1AA) & R1_ILLEGAL_COMMAND)) { type(SD_CARD_TYPE_SD1); } else { // only need last byte of r7 response for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) { status_ = spiRec(); } if (status_ != 0XAA) { error(SD_CARD_ERROR_CMD8); goto fail; } type(SD_CARD_TYPE_SD2); } // initialize card and send host supports SDHC if SD2 arg = type() == SD_CARD_TYPE_SD2 ? 0X40000000 : 0; while ((status_ = cardAcmd(ACMD41, arg)) != R1_READY_STATE) { // check for timeout unsigned int d = millis() - t0; if (d > SD_INIT_TIMEOUT) { error(SD_CARD_ERROR_ACMD41); goto fail; } } // if SD2 read OCR register to check for SDHC card if (type() == SD_CARD_TYPE_SD2) { if (cardCommand(CMD58, 0)) { error(SD_CARD_ERROR_CMD58); goto fail; } if ((spiRec() & 0XC0) == 0XC0) { type(SD_CARD_TYPE_SDHC); } // discard rest of ocr - contains allowed voltage range for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) { spiRec(); } } chipSelectHigh(); #ifndef SOFTWARE_SPI return setSckRate(sckRateID); #else // SOFTWARE_SPI return true; #endif // SOFTWARE_SPI fail: chipSelectHigh(); return false; } //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /** Enable or disable partial block reads. Enabling partial block reads improves performance by allowing a block to be read over the SPI bus as several sub-blocks. Errors may occur if the time between reads is too long since the SD card may timeout. The SPI SS line will be held low until the entire block is read or readEnd() is called. Use this for applications like the Adafruit Wave Shield. \param[in] value The value TRUE (non-zero) or FALSE (zero).) */ void Sd2Card::partialBlockRead(uint8_t value) { readEnd(); partialBlockRead_ = value; } //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /** Read a 512 byte block from an SD card device. \param[in] block Logical block to be read. \param[out] dst Pointer to the location that will receive the data. \return The value one, true, is returned for success and the value zero, false, is returned for failure. */ uint8_t Sd2Card::readBlock(uint32_t block, uint8_t* dst) { return readData(block, 0, 512, dst); } //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /** Read part of a 512 byte block from an SD card. \param[in] block Logical block to be read. \param[in] offset Number of bytes to skip at start of block \param[out] dst Pointer to the location that will receive the data. \param[in] count Number of bytes to read \return The value one, true, is returned for success and the value zero, false, is returned for failure. */ uint8_t Sd2Card::readData(uint32_t block, uint16_t offset, uint16_t count, uint8_t* dst) { if (count == 0) { return true; } if ((count + offset) > 512) { goto fail; } if (!inBlock_ || block != block_ || offset < offset_) { block_ = block; // use address if not SDHC card if (type() != SD_CARD_TYPE_SDHC) { block <<= 9; } if (cardCommand(CMD17, block)) { error(SD_CARD_ERROR_CMD17); goto fail; } if (!waitStartBlock()) { goto fail; } offset_ = 0; inBlock_ = 1; } #ifdef OPTIMIZE_HARDWARE_SPI // start first spi transfer SPDR = 0XFF; // skip data before offset for (; offset_ < offset; offset_++) { while (!(SPSR & (1 << SPIF))) ; SPDR = 0XFF; } // transfer data n = count - 1; for (uint16_t i = 0; i < n; i++) { while (!(SPSR & (1 << SPIF))) ; dst[i] = SPDR; SPDR = 0XFF; } // wait for last byte while (!(SPSR & (1 << SPIF))) ; dst[n] = SPDR; #else // OPTIMIZE_HARDWARE_SPI // skip data before offset for (; offset_ < offset; offset_++) { spiRec(); } // transfer data for (uint16_t i = 0; i < count; i++) { dst[i] = spiRec(); } #endif // OPTIMIZE_HARDWARE_SPI offset_ += count; if (!partialBlockRead_ || offset_ >= 512) { // read rest of data, checksum and set chip select high readEnd(); } return true; fail: chipSelectHigh(); return false; } //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /** Skip remaining data in a block when in partial block read mode. */ void Sd2Card::readEnd(void) { if (inBlock_) { // skip data and crc #ifdef OPTIMIZE_HARDWARE_SPI // optimize skip for hardware SPDR = 0XFF; while (offset_++ < 513) { while (!(SPSR & (1 << SPIF))) ; SPDR = 0XFF; } // wait for last crc byte while (!(SPSR & (1 << SPIF))) ; #else // OPTIMIZE_HARDWARE_SPI while (offset_++ < 514) { spiRec(); } #endif // OPTIMIZE_HARDWARE_SPI chipSelectHigh(); inBlock_ = 0; } } //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /** read CID or CSR register */ uint8_t Sd2Card::readRegister(uint8_t cmd, void* buf) { uint8_t* dst = reinterpret_cast(buf); if (cardCommand(cmd, 0)) { error(SD_CARD_ERROR_READ_REG); goto fail; } if (!waitStartBlock()) { goto fail; } // transfer data for (uint16_t i = 0; i < 16; i++) { dst[i] = spiRec(); } spiRec(); // get first crc byte spiRec(); // get second crc byte chipSelectHigh(); return true; fail: chipSelectHigh(); return false; } //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /** Set the SPI clock rate. \param[in] sckRateID A value in the range [0, 6]. The SPI clock will be set to F_CPU/pow(2, 1 + sckRateID). The maximum SPI rate is F_CPU/2 for \a sckRateID = 0 and the minimum rate is F_CPU/128 for \a scsRateID = 6. \return The value one, true, is returned for success and the value zero, false, is returned for an invalid value of \a sckRateID. */ uint8_t Sd2Card::setSckRate(uint8_t sckRateID) { if (sckRateID > 6) { error(SD_CARD_ERROR_SCK_RATE); return false; } #ifndef USE_SPI_LIB // see avr processor datasheet for SPI register bit definitions if ((sckRateID & 1) || sckRateID == 6) { SPSR &= ~(1 << SPI2X); } else { SPSR |= (1 << SPI2X); } SPCR &= ~((1 << SPR1) | (1 << SPR0)); SPCR |= (sckRateID & 4 ? (1 << SPR1) : 0) | (sckRateID & 2 ? (1 << SPR0) : 0); #else // USE_SPI_LIB switch (sckRateID) { case 0: settings = SPISettings(25000000, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE0); break; case 1: settings = SPISettings(4000000, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE0); break; case 2: settings = SPISettings(2000000, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE0); break; case 3: settings = SPISettings(1000000, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE0); break; case 4: settings = SPISettings(500000, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE0); break; case 5: settings = SPISettings(250000, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE0); break; default: settings = SPISettings(125000, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE0); } #endif // USE_SPI_LIB return true; } #ifdef USE_SPI_LIB //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ // set the SPI clock frequency uint8_t Sd2Card::setSpiClock(uint32_t clock) { settings = SPISettings(clock, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE0); return true; } #endif //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ // wait for card to go not busy uint8_t Sd2Card::waitNotBusy(unsigned int timeoutMillis) { unsigned int t0 = millis(); unsigned int d; do { if (spiRec() == 0XFF) { return true; } d = millis() - t0; } while (d < timeoutMillis); return false; } //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /** Wait for start block token */ uint8_t Sd2Card::waitStartBlock(void) { unsigned int t0 = millis(); while ((status_ = spiRec()) == 0XFF) { unsigned int d = millis() - t0; if (d > SD_READ_TIMEOUT) { error(SD_CARD_ERROR_READ_TIMEOUT); goto fail; } } if (status_ != DATA_START_BLOCK) { error(SD_CARD_ERROR_READ); goto fail; } return true; fail: chipSelectHigh(); return false; } //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /** Writes a 512 byte block to an SD card. \param[in] blockNumber Logical block to be written. \param[in] src Pointer to the location of the data to be written. \param[in] blocking If the write should be blocking. \return The value one, true, is returned for success and the value zero, false, is returned for failure. */ uint8_t Sd2Card::writeBlock(uint32_t blockNumber, const uint8_t* src, uint8_t blocking) { #if SD_PROTECT_BLOCK_ZERO // don't allow write to first block if (blockNumber == 0) { error(SD_CARD_ERROR_WRITE_BLOCK_ZERO); goto fail; } #endif // SD_PROTECT_BLOCK_ZERO // use address if not SDHC card if (type() != SD_CARD_TYPE_SDHC) { blockNumber <<= 9; } if (cardCommand(CMD24, blockNumber)) { error(SD_CARD_ERROR_CMD24); goto fail; } if (!writeData(DATA_START_BLOCK, src)) { goto fail; } if (blocking) { // wait for flash programming to complete if (!waitNotBusy(SD_WRITE_TIMEOUT)) { error(SD_CARD_ERROR_WRITE_TIMEOUT); goto fail; } // response is r2 so get and check two bytes for nonzero if (cardCommand(CMD13, 0) || spiRec()) { error(SD_CARD_ERROR_WRITE_PROGRAMMING); goto fail; } } chipSelectHigh(); return true; fail: chipSelectHigh(); return false; } //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /** Write one data block in a multiple block write sequence */ uint8_t Sd2Card::writeData(const uint8_t* src) { // wait for previous write to finish if (!waitNotBusy(SD_WRITE_TIMEOUT)) { error(SD_CARD_ERROR_WRITE_MULTIPLE); chipSelectHigh(); return false; } return writeData(WRITE_MULTIPLE_TOKEN, src); } //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ // send one block of data for write block or write multiple blocks uint8_t Sd2Card::writeData(uint8_t token, const uint8_t* src) { #ifdef OPTIMIZE_HARDWARE_SPI // send data - optimized loop SPDR = token; // send two byte per iteration for (uint16_t i = 0; i < 512; i += 2) { while (!(SPSR & (1 << SPIF))) ; SPDR = src[i]; while (!(SPSR & (1 << SPIF))) ; SPDR = src[i + 1]; } // wait for last data byte while (!(SPSR & (1 << SPIF))) ; #else // OPTIMIZE_HARDWARE_SPI spiSend(token); for (uint16_t i = 0; i < 512; i++) { spiSend(src[i]); } #endif // OPTIMIZE_HARDWARE_SPI spiSend(0xff); // dummy crc spiSend(0xff); // dummy crc status_ = spiRec(); if ((status_ & DATA_RES_MASK) != DATA_RES_ACCEPTED) { error(SD_CARD_ERROR_WRITE); chipSelectHigh(); return false; } return true; } //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /** Start a write multiple blocks sequence. \param[in] blockNumber Address of first block in sequence. \param[in] eraseCount The number of blocks to be pre-erased. \note This function is used with writeData() and writeStop() for optimized multiple block writes. \return The value one, true, is returned for success and the value zero, false, is returned for failure. */ uint8_t Sd2Card::writeStart(uint32_t blockNumber, uint32_t eraseCount) { #if SD_PROTECT_BLOCK_ZERO // don't allow write to first block if (blockNumber == 0) { error(SD_CARD_ERROR_WRITE_BLOCK_ZERO); goto fail; } #endif // SD_PROTECT_BLOCK_ZERO // send pre-erase count if (cardAcmd(ACMD23, eraseCount)) { error(SD_CARD_ERROR_ACMD23); goto fail; } // use address if not SDHC card if (type() != SD_CARD_TYPE_SDHC) { blockNumber <<= 9; } if (cardCommand(CMD25, blockNumber)) { error(SD_CARD_ERROR_CMD25); goto fail; } return true; fail: chipSelectHigh(); return false; } //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /** End a write multiple blocks sequence. \return The value one, true, is returned for success and the value zero, false, is returned for failure. */ uint8_t Sd2Card::writeStop(void) { if (!waitNotBusy(SD_WRITE_TIMEOUT)) { goto fail; } spiSend(STOP_TRAN_TOKEN); if (!waitNotBusy(SD_WRITE_TIMEOUT)) { goto fail; } chipSelectHigh(); return true; fail: error(SD_CARD_ERROR_STOP_TRAN); chipSelectHigh(); return false; } //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /** Check if the SD card is busy \return The value one, true, is returned when is busy and the value zero, false, is returned for when is NOT busy. */ uint8_t Sd2Card::isBusy(void) { chipSelectLow(); byte b = spiRec(); chipSelectHigh(); return (b != 0XFF); }