/*
 * MUSCLE SmartCard Development ( http://www.linuxnet.com )
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1999-2004
 *  David Corcoran <corcoran@linuxnet.com>
 * Copyright (C) 2003-2004
 *  Damien Sauveron <damien.sauveron@labri.fr>
 * Copyright (C) 2005
 *  Martin Paljak <martin@paljak.pri.ee>
 * Copyright (C) 2002-2011
 *  Ludovic Rousseau <ludovic.rousseau@free.fr>
 * Copyright (C) 2009
 *  Jean-Luc Giraud <jlgiraud@googlemail.com>
 *
 * $Id: winscard_clnt.c 5797 2011-06-16 08:58:37Z rousseau $
 */

/**
 * @file
 * @defgroup API
 * @brief Handles smartcard reader communications and
 * forwarding requests over message queues.
 *
 * Here is exposed the API for client applications.
 *
 * @attention
 * Known differences with Microsoft Windows WinSCard implementation:
 *
 * -# SCardStatus()
 *    @par
 *    SCardStatus() returns a bit field on pcsc-lite but a enumeration on
 *    Windows.
 *    @par
 *    This difference may be resolved in a future version of pcsc-lite.
 *    The bit-fields would then only contain one bit set.
 *    @par
 *    You can have a @b portable code using:
 *    @code
 *    if (dwState & SCARD_PRESENT)
 *    {
 *      // card is present
 *    }
 *    @endcode
 * -# \ref SCARD_E_UNSUPPORTED_FEATURE
 *    @par
 *    Windows may return ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED instead of
 *    \ref SCARD_E_UNSUPPORTED_FEATURE
 *    @par
 *    This difference will not be corrected. pcsc-lite only uses
 *    SCARD_E_* error codes.
 * -# \ref SCARD_E_UNSUPPORTED_FEATURE
 *	  @par
 *	  For historical reasons the value of \ref SCARD_E_UNSUPPORTED_FEATURE
 *	  is \p 0x8010001F in pcsc-lite but \p 0x80100022 in Windows WinSCard.
 *	  You should not have any problem if you always use the symbolic name.
 *	  @par
 *	  The value \p 0x8010001F is also used by \ref SCARD_E_UNEXPECTED on
 *	  pcsc-lite but \ref SCARD_E_UNEXPECTED is never returned by
 *	  pcsc-lite. So \p 0x8010001F does always means
 *	  \ref SCARD_E_UNSUPPORTED_FEATURE.
 *	  @par
 *	  Applications like rdekstop that allow a Windows application to
 *	  talk to pcsc-lite should take care of this difference and convert
 *	  the value between the two worlds.
 * -# SCardConnect()
 *    @par
 *    If \ref SCARD_SHARE_DIRECT is used the reader is accessed in
 *    shared mode (like with \ref SCARD_SHARE_SHARED) and not in
 *    exclusive mode (like with \ref SCARD_SHARE_EXCLUSIVE) as on
 *    Windows.
 * -# SCardEstablishContext()
 *    @par
 *    Each thread of an application shall use its own SCARDCONTEXT.
 *    SCardCancel() is the only exception to the rule.  On Windows the
 *    same SCARDCONTEXT can be shared by different threads of same
 *    application.
 * -# CardConnect() & SCardReconnect()
 *    @par
 *    pdwActiveProtocol is not set to SCARD_PROTOCOL_UNDEFINED if
 *    SCARD_SHARE_DIRECT is used but the card has already negociated its
 *    protocol
 */

#include "config.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>

#include "misc.h"
#include "pcscd.h"
#include "winscard.h"
#include "debuglog.h"
#include "strlcpycat.h"

#include "readerfactory.h"
#include "eventhandler.h"
#include "sys_generic.h"
#include "winscard_msg.h"
#include "utils.h"

/* Display, on stderr, a trace of the WinSCard calls with arguments and
 * results */
#undef DO_TRACE

/* Profile the execution time of WinSCard calls */
#undef DO_PROFILE

/* Check that handles are not shared between (forked) processes
 * This check is disabled since some systems uses the same PID for
 * different threads of a same process */
#undef DO_CHECK_SAME_PROCESS


/** used for backward compatibility */
#define SCARD_PROTOCOL_ANY_OLD	0x1000

#ifndef TRUE
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0
#endif

static char sharing_shall_block = TRUE;

#define COLOR_RED "\33[01;31m"
#define COLOR_GREEN "\33[32m"
#define COLOR_BLUE "\33[34m"
#define COLOR_MAGENTA "\33[35m"
#define COLOR_NORMAL "\33[0m"

#ifdef DO_TRACE

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

static void trace(const char *func, const char direction, const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list args;

	fprintf(stderr, COLOR_GREEN "%c " COLOR_BLUE "[%lX] " COLOR_GREEN "%s ",
		direction, pthread_self(), func);

	fprintf(stderr, COLOR_MAGENTA);
	va_start(args, fmt);
	vfprintf(stderr, fmt, args);
	va_end(args);

	fprintf(stderr, COLOR_NORMAL "\n");
}

#define API_TRACE_IN(...) trace(__FUNCTION__, '<', __VA_ARGS__);
#define API_TRACE_OUT(...) trace(__FUNCTION__, '>', __VA_ARGS__);
#else
#define API_TRACE_IN(...)
#define API_TRACE_OUT(...)
#endif

#ifdef DO_PROFILE

#define PROFILE_FILE "/tmp/pcsc_profile"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

/* we can profile a maximum of 5 simultaneous calls */
#define MAX_THREADS 5
pthread_t threads[MAX_THREADS];
struct timeval profile_time_start[MAX_THREADS];
FILE *profile_fd;
char profile_tty;

#define PROFILE_START profile_start();
#define PROFILE_END(rv) profile_end(__FUNCTION__, rv);

static void profile_start(void)
{
	static char initialized = FALSE;
	pthread_t t;
	int i;

	if (!initialized)
	{
		char filename[80];

		initialized = TRUE;
		sprintf(filename, "%s-%d", PROFILE_FILE, getuid());
		profile_fd = fopen(filename, "a+");
		if (NULL == profile_fd)
		{
			fprintf(stderr, COLOR_RED "Can't open %s: %s" COLOR_NORMAL "\n",
				PROFILE_FILE, strerror(errno));
			exit(-1);
		}
		fprintf(profile_fd, "\nStart a new profile\n");

		if (isatty(fileno(stderr)))
			profile_tty = TRUE;
		else
			profile_tty = FALSE;
	}

	t = pthread_self();
	for (i=0; i<MAX_THREADS; i++)
		if (pthread_equal(0, threads[i]))
		{
			threads[i] = t;
			break;
		}

	gettimeofday(&profile_time_start[i], NULL);
} /* profile_start */

static void profile_end(const char *f, LONG rv)
{
	struct timeval profile_time_end;
	long d;
	pthread_t t;
	int i;

	gettimeofday(&profile_time_end, NULL);

	t = pthread_self();
	for (i=0; i<MAX_THREADS; i++)
		if (pthread_equal(t, threads[i]))
			break;

	if (i>=MAX_THREADS)
	{
		fprintf(stderr, COLOR_BLUE " WARNING: no start info for %s\n", f);
		return;
	}

	d = time_sub(&profile_time_end, &profile_time_start[i]);

	/* free this entry */
	threads[i] = 0;

	if (profile_tty)
	{
		if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
			fprintf(stderr,
				COLOR_RED "RESULT %s " COLOR_MAGENTA "%ld "
				COLOR_BLUE "0x%08lX %s" COLOR_NORMAL "\n",
				f, d, rv, pcsc_stringify_error(rv));
		else
			fprintf(stderr, COLOR_RED "RESULT %s " COLOR_MAGENTA "%ld"
				COLOR_NORMAL "\n", f, d);
	}
	fprintf(profile_fd, "%s %ld\n", f, d);
	fflush(profile_fd);
} /* profile_end */

#else
#define PROFILE_START
#define PROFILE_END(rv)
#endif

/**
 * Represents an Application Context Channel.
 * A channel belongs to an Application Context (\c _psContextMap).
 */
struct _psChannelMap
{
	SCARDHANDLE hCard;
	LPSTR readerName;
};

typedef struct _psChannelMap CHANNEL_MAP;

static int CHANNEL_MAP_seeker(const void *el, const void *key)
{
	const CHANNEL_MAP * channelMap = el;

	if ((el == NULL) || (key == NULL))
	{
		Log3(PCSC_LOG_CRITICAL,
			"CHANNEL_MAP_seeker called with NULL pointer: el=%X, key=%X",
			el, key);
		return 0;
	}

	if (channelMap->hCard == *(SCARDHANDLE *)key)
		return 1;

	return 0;
}

/**
 * @brief Represents the an Application Context on the Client side.
 *
 * An Application Context contains Channels (\c _psChannelMap).
 */
struct _psContextMap
{
	DWORD dwClientID;				/**< Client Connection ID */
	SCARDCONTEXT hContext;			/**< Application Context ID */
	pthread_mutex_t * mMutex;		/**< Mutex for this context */
	list_t channelMapList;
	char cancellable;				/**< We are in a cancellable call */
};
typedef struct _psContextMap SCONTEXTMAP;

static list_t contextMapList;

static int SCONTEXTMAP_seeker(const void *el, const void *key)
{
	const SCONTEXTMAP * contextMap = el;

	if ((el == NULL) || (key == NULL))
	{
		Log3(PCSC_LOG_CRITICAL,
			"SCONTEXTMAP_seeker called with NULL pointer: el=%X, key=%X",
			el, key);
		return 0;
	}

	if (contextMap->hContext == *(SCARDCONTEXT *) key)
		return 1;

	return 0;
}

/**
 * Make sure the initialization code is executed only once.
 */
static short isExecuted = 0;


/**
 * Ensure that some functions be accessed in thread-safe mode.
 * These function's names finishes with "TH".
 */
static pthread_mutex_t clientMutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;

/**
 * Area used to read status information about the readers.
 */
static READER_STATE readerStates[PCSCLITE_MAX_READERS_CONTEXTS];

/** Protocol Control Information for T=0 */
PCSC_API const SCARD_IO_REQUEST g_rgSCardT0Pci = { SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0, sizeof(SCARD_IO_REQUEST) };
/** Protocol Control Information for T=1 */
PCSC_API const SCARD_IO_REQUEST g_rgSCardT1Pci = { SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1, sizeof(SCARD_IO_REQUEST) };
/** Protocol Control Information for raw access */
PCSC_API const SCARD_IO_REQUEST g_rgSCardRawPci = { SCARD_PROTOCOL_RAW, sizeof(SCARD_IO_REQUEST) };


static LONG SCardAddContext(SCARDCONTEXT, DWORD);
static SCONTEXTMAP * SCardGetContext(SCARDCONTEXT);
static SCONTEXTMAP * SCardGetContextTH(SCARDCONTEXT);
static LONG SCardRemoveContext(SCARDCONTEXT);
static LONG SCardCleanContext(SCONTEXTMAP *);

static LONG SCardAddHandle(SCARDHANDLE, SCONTEXTMAP *, LPCSTR);
static LONG SCardGetContextAndChannelFromHandle(SCARDHANDLE,
	/*@out@*/ SCONTEXTMAP * *, /*@out@*/ CHANNEL_MAP * *);
static LONG SCardGetContextAndChannelFromHandleTH(SCARDHANDLE,
	/*@out@*/ SCONTEXTMAP * *, /*@out@*/ CHANNEL_MAP * *);
static LONG SCardRemoveHandle(SCARDHANDLE);

static LONG SCardGetSetAttrib(SCARDHANDLE hCard, int command, DWORD dwAttrId,
	LPBYTE pbAttr, LPDWORD pcbAttrLen);

#ifdef DO_CHECK_SAME_PROCESS
pid_t client_pid = 0;
static LONG SCardCheckSameProcess(void);
#define CHECK_SAME_PROCESS \
	rv = SCardCheckSameProcess(); \
	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS) \
		return rv;
#else
#define CHECK_SAME_PROCESS
#endif

static LONG getReaderStates(SCONTEXTMAP * currentContextMap);

/*
 * Thread safety functions
 */
/**
 * @brief Locks a mutex so another thread must wait to use this
 * function.
 *
 * Wrapper to the function pthread_mutex_lock().
 */
inline static LONG SCardLockThread(void)
{
	return pthread_mutex_lock(&clientMutex);
}

/**
 * @brief Unlocks a mutex so another thread may use the client.
 *
 * Wrapper to the function pthread_mutex_unlock().
 */
inline static LONG SCardUnlockThread(void)
{
	return pthread_mutex_unlock(&clientMutex);
}

static LONG SCardEstablishContextTH(DWORD, LPCVOID, LPCVOID,
	/*@out@*/ LPSCARDCONTEXT);

/**
 * @brief Creates an Application Context to the PC/SC Resource Manager.
 *
 * This must be the first WinSCard function called in a PC/SC application.
 * Each thread of an application shall use its own SCARDCONTEXT.
 *
 * @ingroup API
 * @param[in] dwScope Scope of the establishment.
 * This can either be a local or remote connection.
 * - \ref SCARD_SCOPE_USER - Not used.
 * - \ref SCARD_SCOPE_TERMINAL - Not used.
 * - \ref SCARD_SCOPE_GLOBAL - Not used.
 * - \ref SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM - Services on the local machine.
 * @param[in] pvReserved1 Reserved for future use.
 * @param[in] pvReserved2 Reserved for future use.
 * @param[out] phContext Returned Application Context.
 *
 * @return Connection status.
 * @retval SCARD_S_SUCCESS Successful (\ref SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER \p phContext is null (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_VALUE Invalid scope type passed (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_VALUE )
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY There is no free slot to store \p hContext (\ref SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE The server is not runing (\ref SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE)
 * @retval SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR An internal communications error has been detected (\ref SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR)
 * @retval SCARD_F_INTERNAL_ERROR An internal consistency check failed (\ref SCARD_F_INTERNAL_ERROR)
 *
 * @code
 * SCARDCONTEXT hContext;
 * LONG rv;
 * ...
 * rv = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM, NULL, NULL, &hContext);
 * @endcode
 */
LONG SCardEstablishContext(DWORD dwScope, LPCVOID pvReserved1,
	LPCVOID pvReserved2, LPSCARDCONTEXT phContext)
{
	LONG rv;
	int daemon_launched = FALSE;
	int retries = 0;

	API_TRACE_IN("%ld, %p, %p", dwScope, pvReserved1, pvReserved2)
	PROFILE_START

again:
	/* Check if the server is running */
	rv = SCardCheckDaemonAvailability();
	if (SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE == rv)
		/* we reconnected to a daemon or we got called from a forked child */
		rv = SCardCheckDaemonAvailability();

	if (SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE == rv)
	{
launch:
		if (daemon_launched)
		{
			retries++;
			if (retries < 50)	/* 50 x 100ms = 5 seconds */
			{
				/* give some more time to the server to start */
				SYS_USleep(100*1000);	/* 100 ms */
				goto again;
			}

			/* the server failed to start (in time) */
			goto end;
		}
		else
		{
			int pid;

			pid = fork();

			if (pid < 0)
			{
				Log2(PCSC_LOG_CRITICAL, "fork failed: %s", strerror(errno));
				rv = SCARD_F_INTERNAL_ERROR;
				goto end;
			}

			if (0 == pid)
			{
				int i, max;
				char *param = getenv("PCSCLITE_PCSCD_ARGS");

				/* close all file handles except stdin, stdout and
				 * stderr so that pcscd does not confiscate ressources
				 * allocated by the application */
				max = sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX);
				if (-1 == max)
					max = 1024;
				for (i=3; i<max; i++)
					(void)close(i);

				/* son process */
				execl(PCSCD_BINARY, "pcscd", "--auto-exit", param,
					(char *)NULL);
				Log2(PCSC_LOG_CRITICAL, "exec " PCSCD_BINARY " failed: %s",
					strerror(errno));
				exit(1);
			}

			/* father process */
			daemon_launched = TRUE;

			if (waitpid(pid, NULL, 0) < 0)
				Log2(PCSC_LOG_CRITICAL, "waitpid failed: %s", strerror(errno));

			goto again;
		}
	}

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	(void)SCardLockThread();
	rv = SCardEstablishContextTH(dwScope, pvReserved1,
		pvReserved2, phContext);
	(void)SCardUnlockThread();

	/* SCardEstablishContextTH may fail if the previous pcscd crashed
	 * without cleaning /var/run/pcscd/pcscd.comm */
	if (SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE == rv)
	{
		retries++;
		if (retries <= 1)
			goto launch;
	}

end:
	PROFILE_END(rv)
	API_TRACE_OUT("%ld", *phContext)

	return rv;
}

/**
 * @brief Creates a communication context to the PC/SC Resource
 * Manager.
 *
 * This function should not be called directly. Instead, the thread-safe
 * function SCardEstablishContext() should be called.
 *
 * @param[in] dwScope Scope of the establishment.
 * This can either be a local or remote connection.
 * - \ref SCARD_SCOPE_USER - Not used.
 * - \ref SCARD_SCOPE_TERMINAL - Not used.
 * - \ref SCARD_SCOPE_GLOBAL - Not used.
 * - \ref SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM - Services on the local machine.
 * @param[in] pvReserved1 Reserved for future use. Can be used for remote connection.
 * @param[in] pvReserved2 Reserved for future use.
 * @param[out] phContext Returned reference to this connection.
 *
 * @return Connection status.
 * @retval SCARD_S_SUCCESS Successful (\ref SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER \p phContext is null. (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_VALUE Invalid scope type passed (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_VALUE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY There is no free slot to store \p hContext (\ref SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE The server is not runing (\ref SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE)
 * @retval SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR An internal communications error has been detected (\ref SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR)
 * @retval SCARD_F_INTERNAL_ERROR An internal consistency check failed (\ref SCARD_F_INTERNAL_ERROR)
 */
static LONG SCardEstablishContextTH(DWORD dwScope,
	/*@unused@*/ LPCVOID pvReserved1,
	/*@unused@*/ LPCVOID pvReserved2, LPSCARDCONTEXT phContext)
{
	LONG rv;
	struct establish_struct scEstablishStruct;
	uint32_t dwClientID = 0;

	(void)pvReserved1;
	(void)pvReserved2;
	if (phContext == NULL)
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER;
	else
		*phContext = 0;

	/*
	 * Do this only once:
	 * - Initialize context list.
	 */
	if (isExecuted == 0)
	{
		int lrv;

		/* NOTE: The list will never be freed (No API call exists to
		 * "close all contexts".
		 * Applications which load and unload the library will leak
		 * the list's internal structures. */
		lrv = list_init(&contextMapList);
		if (lrv < 0)
		{
			Log2(PCSC_LOG_CRITICAL, "list_init failed with return value: %d",
				lrv);
			return SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY;
		}

		lrv = list_attributes_seeker(&contextMapList,
				SCONTEXTMAP_seeker);
		if (lrv <0)
		{
			Log2(PCSC_LOG_CRITICAL,
				"list_attributes_seeker failed with return value: %d", lrv);
			list_destroy(&contextMapList);
			return SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY;
		}

		if (getenv("PCSCLITE_NO_BLOCKING"))
		{
			Log1(PCSC_LOG_INFO, "Disable shared blocking");
			sharing_shall_block = FALSE;
		}

		isExecuted = 1;
	}


	/* Establishes a connection to the server */
	if (ClientSetupSession(&dwClientID) != 0)
	{
		return SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE;
	}

	{	/* exchange client/server protocol versions */
		struct version_struct veStr;

		veStr.major = PROTOCOL_VERSION_MAJOR;
		veStr.minor = PROTOCOL_VERSION_MINOR;
		veStr.rv = SCARD_S_SUCCESS;

		rv = MessageSendWithHeader(CMD_VERSION, dwClientID, sizeof(veStr),
			&veStr);
		if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
			return rv;

		/* Read a message from the server */
		rv = MessageReceive(&veStr, sizeof(veStr), dwClientID);
		if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		{
			Log1(PCSC_LOG_CRITICAL,
				"Your pcscd is too old and does not support CMD_VERSION");
			return SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR;
		}

		Log3(PCSC_LOG_INFO, "Server is protocol version %d:%d",
			veStr.major, veStr.minor);

		if (veStr.rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
			return veStr.rv;
	}

again:
	/*
	 * Try to establish an Application Context with the server
	 */
	scEstablishStruct.dwScope = dwScope;
	scEstablishStruct.hContext = 0;
	scEstablishStruct.rv = SCARD_S_SUCCESS;

	rv = MessageSendWithHeader(SCARD_ESTABLISH_CONTEXT, dwClientID,
		sizeof(scEstablishStruct), (void *) &scEstablishStruct);

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		return rv;

	/*
	 * Read the response from the server
	 */
	rv = MessageReceive(&scEstablishStruct, sizeof(scEstablishStruct),
		dwClientID);

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		return rv;

	if (scEstablishStruct.rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		return scEstablishStruct.rv;

	/* check we do not reuse an existing hContext */
	if (NULL != SCardGetContextTH(scEstablishStruct.hContext))
		/* we do not need to release the allocated context since
		 * SCardReleaseContext() does nothing on the server side */
		goto again;

	*phContext = scEstablishStruct.hContext;

	/*
	 * Allocate the new hContext - if allocator full return an error
	 */
	rv = SCardAddContext(*phContext, dwClientID);

	return rv;
}

/**
 * @brief Destroys a communication context to the PC/SC Resource
 * Manager. This must be the last function called in a PC/SC application.
 *
 * @ingroup API
 * @param[in] hContext Connection context to be closed.
 *
 * @return Connection status.
 * @retval SCARD_S_SUCCESS Successful (\ref SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE The server is not runing (\ref SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE Invalid \p hContext handle (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE)
 * @retval SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR An internal communications error has been detected (\ref SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR)
 *
 * @code
 * SCARDCONTEXT hContext;
 * LONG rv;
 * ...
 * rv = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM, NULL, NULL, &hContext);
 * rv = SCardReleaseContext(hContext);
 * @endcode
 */
LONG SCardReleaseContext(SCARDCONTEXT hContext)
{
	LONG rv;
	struct release_struct scReleaseStruct;
	SCONTEXTMAP * currentContextMap;

	API_TRACE_IN("%ld", hContext)
	PROFILE_START

	CHECK_SAME_PROCESS

	/*
	 * Make sure this context has been opened
	 * and get currentContextMap
	 */
	currentContextMap = SCardGetContext(hContext);
	if (NULL == currentContextMap)
	{
		rv = SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;
		goto error;
	}

	(void)pthread_mutex_lock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

	/* check the context is still opened */
	currentContextMap = SCardGetContext(hContext);
	if (NULL == currentContextMap)
		/* the context is now invalid
		 * -> another thread may have called SCardReleaseContext
		 * -> so the mMutex has been unlocked */
	{
		rv = SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;
		goto error;
	}

	scReleaseStruct.hContext = hContext;
	scReleaseStruct.rv = SCARD_S_SUCCESS;

	rv = MessageSendWithHeader(SCARD_RELEASE_CONTEXT,
		currentContextMap->dwClientID,
		sizeof(scReleaseStruct), (void *) &scReleaseStruct);

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	/*
	 * Read a message from the server
	 */
	rv = MessageReceive(&scReleaseStruct, sizeof(scReleaseStruct),
		currentContextMap->dwClientID);

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	rv = scReleaseStruct.rv;
end:
	(void)pthread_mutex_unlock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

	/*
	 * Remove the local context from the stack
	 */
	(void)SCardLockThread();
	(void)SCardRemoveContext(hContext);
	(void)SCardUnlockThread();

error:
	PROFILE_END(rv)
	API_TRACE_OUT("")

	return rv;
}

/**
 * @brief Establishes a connection to the reader specified in \p * szReader.
 *
 * @ingroup API
 * @param[in] hContext Connection context to the PC/SC Resource Manager.
 * @param[in] szReader Reader name to connect to.
 * @param[in] dwShareMode Mode of connection type: exclusive or shared.
 * - \ref SCARD_SHARE_SHARED - This application will allow others to share
 *   the reader.
 * - \ref SCARD_SHARE_EXCLUSIVE - This application will NOT allow others to
 *   share the reader.
 * - \ref SCARD_SHARE_DIRECT - Direct control of the reader, even without a
 *   card.  \ref SCARD_SHARE_DIRECT can be used before using SCardControl() to
 *   send control commands to the reader even if a card is not present in the
 *   reader. Contrary to Windows winscard behavior, the reader is accessed in
 *   shared mode and not exclusive mode.
 * @param[in] dwPreferredProtocols Desired protocol use.
 * - 0 - valid only if dwShareMode is SCARD_SHARE_DIRECT
 * - \ref SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0 - Use the T=0 protocol.
 * - \ref SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1 - Use the T=1 protocol.
 * - \ref SCARD_PROTOCOL_RAW - Use with memory type cards.
 * \p dwPreferredProtocols is a bit mask of acceptable protocols for the
 * connection. You can use (\ref SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0 | \ref SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1) if
 * you do not have a preferred protocol.
 * @param[out] phCard Handle to this connection.
 * @param[out] pdwActiveProtocol Established protocol to this connection.
 *
 * @return Error code.
 * @retval SCARD_S_SUCCESS Successful (\ref SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE Invalid \p hContext handle (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER \p phCard or \p pdwActiveProtocol is NULL (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_VALUE Invalid sharing mode, requested protocol, or reader name (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_VALUE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE The server is not runing (\ref SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_SMARTCARD No smart card present (\ref SCARD_E_NO_SMARTCARD)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NOT_READY Could not allocate the desired port (\ref SCARD_E_NOT_READY)
 * @retval SCARD_E_PROTO_MISMATCH Requested protocol is unknown (\ref SCARD_E_PROTO_MISMATCH)
 * @retval SCARD_E_READER_UNAVAILABLE Could not power up the reader or card (\ref SCARD_E_READER_UNAVAILABLE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_SHARING_VIOLATION Someone else has exclusive rights (\ref SCARD_E_SHARING_VIOLATION)
 * @retval SCARD_E_UNKNOWN_READER \p szReader is NULL (\ref SCARD_E_UNKNOWN_READER)
 * @retval SCARD_E_UNSUPPORTED_FEATURE Protocol not supported (\ref SCARD_E_UNSUPPORTED_FEATURE)
 * @retval SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR An internal communications error has been detected (\ref SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR)
 * @retval SCARD_F_INTERNAL_ERROR An internal consistency check failed (\ref SCARD_F_INTERNAL_ERROR)
 * @retval SCARD_W_UNPOWERED_CARD Card is not powered (\ref SCARD_W_UNPOWERED_CARD)
 * @retval SCARD_W_UNRESPONSIVE_CARD Card is mute (\ref SCARD_W_UNRESPONSIVE_CARD)
 *
 * @code
 * SCARDCONTEXT hContext;
 * SCARDHANDLE hCard;
 * DWORD dwActiveProtocol;
 * LONG rv;
 * ...
 * rv = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM, NULL, NULL, &hContext);
 * rv = SCardConnect(hContext, "Reader X", SCARD_SHARE_SHARED,
 *          SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0, &hCard, &dwActiveProtocol);
 * @endcode
 */
LONG SCardConnect(SCARDCONTEXT hContext, LPCSTR szReader,
	DWORD dwShareMode, DWORD dwPreferredProtocols, LPSCARDHANDLE phCard,
	LPDWORD pdwActiveProtocol)
{
	LONG rv;
	struct connect_struct scConnectStruct;
	SCONTEXTMAP * currentContextMap;

	PROFILE_START
	API_TRACE_IN("%ld %s %ld %ld", hContext, szReader, dwShareMode, dwPreferredProtocols)

	/*
	 * Check for NULL parameters
	 */
	if (phCard == NULL || pdwActiveProtocol == NULL)
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER;
	else
		*phCard = 0;

	if (szReader == NULL)
		return SCARD_E_UNKNOWN_READER;

	/*
	 * Check for uninitialized strings
	 */
	if (strlen(szReader) > MAX_READERNAME)
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_VALUE;

	CHECK_SAME_PROCESS

	/*
	 * Make sure this context has been opened
	 */
	currentContextMap = SCardGetContext(hContext);
	if (NULL == currentContextMap)
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;

	(void)pthread_mutex_lock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

	/* check the context is still opened */
	currentContextMap = SCardGetContext(hContext);
	if (NULL == currentContextMap)
		/* the context is now invalid
		 * -> another thread may have called SCardReleaseContext
		 * -> so the mMutex has been unlocked */
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;

	strncpy(scConnectStruct.szReader, szReader, MAX_READERNAME);

	scConnectStruct.hContext = hContext;
	scConnectStruct.dwShareMode = dwShareMode;
	scConnectStruct.dwPreferredProtocols = dwPreferredProtocols;
	scConnectStruct.hCard = 0;
	scConnectStruct.dwActiveProtocol = 0;
	scConnectStruct.rv = SCARD_S_SUCCESS;

	rv = MessageSendWithHeader(SCARD_CONNECT, currentContextMap->dwClientID,
		sizeof(scConnectStruct), (void *) &scConnectStruct);

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	/*
	 * Read a message from the server
	 */
	rv = MessageReceive(&scConnectStruct, sizeof(scConnectStruct),
		currentContextMap->dwClientID);

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	*phCard = scConnectStruct.hCard;
	*pdwActiveProtocol = scConnectStruct.dwActiveProtocol;

	if (scConnectStruct.rv == SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
	{
		/*
		 * Keep track of the handle locally
		 */
		rv = SCardAddHandle(*phCard, currentContextMap, szReader);
	}
	else
		rv = scConnectStruct.rv;

end:
	(void)pthread_mutex_unlock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

    PROFILE_END(rv)
	API_TRACE_OUT("%d", *pdwActiveProtocol)

	return rv;
}

/**
 * @brief Reestablishes a connection to a reader that was
 * previously connected to using SCardConnect().
 *
 * In a multi application environment it is possible for an application to
 * reset the card in shared mode. When this occurs any other application trying
 * to access certain commands will be returned the value \ref
 * SCARD_W_RESET_CARD. When this occurs SCardReconnect() must be called in
 * order to acknowledge that the card was reset and allow it to change it's
 * state accordingly.
 *
 * @ingroup API
 * @param[in] hCard Handle to a previous call to connect.
 * @param[in] dwShareMode Mode of connection type: exclusive/shared.
 * - \ref SCARD_SHARE_SHARED - This application will allow others to share
 *   the reader.
 * - \ref SCARD_SHARE_EXCLUSIVE - This application will NOT allow others to
 *   share the reader.
 * @param[in] dwPreferredProtocols Desired protocol use.
 * - \ref SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0 - Use the T=0 protocol.
 * - \ref SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1 - Use the T=1 protocol.
 * - \ref SCARD_PROTOCOL_RAW - Use with memory type cards.
 * \p dwPreferredProtocols is a bit mask of acceptable protocols for
 * the connection. You can use (SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0 | SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1)
 * if you do not have a preferred protocol.
 * @param[in] dwInitialization Desired action taken on the card/reader.
 * - \ref SCARD_LEAVE_CARD - Do nothing.
 * - \ref SCARD_RESET_CARD - Reset the card (warm reset).
 * - \ref SCARD_UNPOWER_CARD - Unpower the card (cold reset).
 * - \ref SCARD_EJECT_CARD - Eject the card.
 * @param[out] pdwActiveProtocol Established protocol to this connection.
 *
 * @return Error code.
 * @retval SCARD_S_SUCCESS Successful (\ref SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE Invalid \p hCard handle (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER \p phContext is null. (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_VALUE Invalid sharing mode, requested protocol, or reader name (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_VALUE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE The server is not runing (\ref SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_SMARTCARD No smart card present (\ref SCARD_E_NO_SMARTCARD)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NOT_READY Could not allocate the desired port (\ref SCARD_E_NOT_READY)
 * @retval SCARD_E_PROTO_MISMATCH Requested protocol is unknown (\ref SCARD_E_PROTO_MISMATCH)
 * @retval SCARD_E_READER_UNAVAILABLE The reader has been removed (\ref SCARD_E_READER_UNAVAILABLE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_SHARING_VIOLATION Someone else has exclusive rights (\ref SCARD_E_SHARING_VIOLATION)
 * @retval SCARD_E_UNSUPPORTED_FEATURE Protocol not supported (\ref SCARD_E_UNSUPPORTED_FEATURE)
 * @retval SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR An internal communications error has been detected (\ref SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR)
 * @retval SCARD_F_INTERNAL_ERROR An internal consistency check failed (\ref SCARD_F_INTERNAL_ERROR)
 * @retval SCARD_W_REMOVED_CARD The smart card has been removed (\ref SCARD_W_REMOVED_CARD)
 * @retval SCARD_W_UNRESPONSIVE_CARD Card is mute (\ref SCARD_W_UNRESPONSIVE_CARD)
 *
 * @code
 * SCARDCONTEXT hContext;
 * SCARDHANDLE hCard;
 * DWORD dwActiveProtocol, dwSendLength, dwRecvLength;
 * LONG rv;
 * BYTE pbRecvBuffer[10];
 * BYTE pbSendBuffer[] = {0xC0, 0xA4, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x3F, 0x00};
 * ...
 * rv = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM, NULL, NULL, &hContext);
 * rv = SCardConnect(hContext, "Reader X", SCARD_SHARE_SHARED,
 *          SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0, &hCard, &dwActiveProtocol);
 * ...
 * dwSendLength = sizeof(pbSendBuffer);
 * dwRecvLength = sizeof(pbRecvBuffer);
 * rv = SCardTransmit(hCard, SCARD_PCI_T0, pbSendBuffer, dwSendLength,
 *          &pioRecvPci, pbRecvBuffer, &dwRecvLength);
 * / * Card has been reset by another application * /
 * if (rv == SCARD_W_RESET_CARD)
 * {
 *   rv = SCardReconnect(hCard, SCARD_SHARE_SHARED, SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0,
 *            SCARD_RESET_CARD, &dwActiveProtocol);
 * }
 * @endcode
 */
LONG SCardReconnect(SCARDHANDLE hCard, DWORD dwShareMode,
	DWORD dwPreferredProtocols, DWORD dwInitialization,
	LPDWORD pdwActiveProtocol)
{
	LONG rv;
	struct reconnect_struct scReconnectStruct;
	SCONTEXTMAP * currentContextMap;
	CHANNEL_MAP * pChannelMap;

	PROFILE_START

	if (pdwActiveProtocol == NULL)
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER;

	CHECK_SAME_PROCESS

	/*
	 * Make sure this handle has been opened
	 */
	rv = SCardGetContextAndChannelFromHandle(hCard, &currentContextMap,
		&pChannelMap);
	if (rv == -1)
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;

	(void)pthread_mutex_lock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

	/* check the handle is still valid */
	rv = SCardGetContextAndChannelFromHandle(hCard, &currentContextMap,
		&pChannelMap);
	if (rv == -1)
		/* the handle is now invalid
		 * -> another thread may have called SCardReleaseContext
		 * -> so the mMutex has been unlocked */
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;

	/* Retry loop for blocking behaviour */
retry:

	scReconnectStruct.hCard = hCard;
	scReconnectStruct.dwShareMode = dwShareMode;
	scReconnectStruct.dwPreferredProtocols = dwPreferredProtocols;
	scReconnectStruct.dwInitialization = dwInitialization;
	scReconnectStruct.dwActiveProtocol = *pdwActiveProtocol;
	scReconnectStruct.rv = SCARD_S_SUCCESS;

	rv = MessageSendWithHeader(SCARD_RECONNECT, currentContextMap->dwClientID,
		sizeof(scReconnectStruct), (void *) &scReconnectStruct);

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	/*
	 * Read a message from the server
	 */
	rv = MessageReceive(&scReconnectStruct, sizeof(scReconnectStruct),
		currentContextMap->dwClientID);

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	rv = scReconnectStruct.rv;

	if (sharing_shall_block && (SCARD_E_SHARING_VIOLATION == rv))
	{
		(void)SYS_USleep(PCSCLITE_LOCK_POLL_RATE);
		goto retry;
	}

	*pdwActiveProtocol = scReconnectStruct.dwActiveProtocol;

end:
	(void)pthread_mutex_unlock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

    PROFILE_END(rv)

	return rv;
}

/**
 * @brief Terminates a connection made through SCardConnect().
 *
 * @ingroup API
 * @param[in] hCard Connection made from SCardConnect().
 * @param[in] dwDisposition Reader function to execute.
 * - \ref SCARD_LEAVE_CARD - Do nothing.
 * - \ref SCARD_RESET_CARD - Reset the card (warm reset).
 * - \ref SCARD_UNPOWER_CARD - Unpower the card (cold reset).
 * - \ref SCARD_EJECT_CARD - Eject the card.
 *
 * @return Error code.
 * @retval SCARD_S_SUCCESS Successful(\ref SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE Invalid \p hCard handle (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_VALUE Invalid \p dwDisposition (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_VALUE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE The server is not runing (\ref SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_SMARTCARD No smart card present (\ref SCARD_E_NO_SMARTCARD)
 * @retval SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR An internal communications error has been detected (\ref SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR)
 *
 * @code
 * SCARDCONTEXT hContext;
 * SCARDHANDLE hCard;
 * DWORD dwActiveProtocol;
 * LONG rv;
 * ...
 * rv = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM, NULL, NULL, &hContext);
 * rv = SCardConnect(hContext, "Reader X", SCARD_SHARE_SHARED,
 *          SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0, &hCard, &dwActiveProtocol);
 * rv = SCardDisconnect(hCard, SCARD_UNPOWER_CARD);
 * @endcode
 */
LONG SCardDisconnect(SCARDHANDLE hCard, DWORD dwDisposition)
{
	LONG rv;
	struct disconnect_struct scDisconnectStruct;
	SCONTEXTMAP * currentContextMap;
	CHANNEL_MAP * pChannelMap;

	PROFILE_START
	API_TRACE_IN("%ld %ld", hCard, dwDisposition)

	CHECK_SAME_PROCESS

	/*
	 * Make sure this handle has been opened
	 */
	rv = SCardGetContextAndChannelFromHandle(hCard, &currentContextMap,
		&pChannelMap);
	if (rv == -1)
	{
		rv = SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;
		goto error;
	}

	(void)pthread_mutex_lock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

	/* check the handle is still valid */
	rv = SCardGetContextAndChannelFromHandle(hCard, &currentContextMap,
		&pChannelMap);
	if (rv == -1)
		/* the handle is now invalid
		 * -> another thread may have called SCardReleaseContext
		 * -> so the mMutex has been unlocked */
	{
		rv = SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;
		goto error;
	}

	scDisconnectStruct.hCard = hCard;
	scDisconnectStruct.dwDisposition = dwDisposition;
	scDisconnectStruct.rv = SCARD_S_SUCCESS;

	rv = MessageSendWithHeader(SCARD_DISCONNECT, currentContextMap->dwClientID,
		sizeof(scDisconnectStruct), (void *) &scDisconnectStruct);

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	/*
	 * Read a message from the server
	 */
	rv = MessageReceive(&scDisconnectStruct, sizeof(scDisconnectStruct),
		currentContextMap->dwClientID);

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	if (SCARD_S_SUCCESS == scDisconnectStruct.rv)
		(void)SCardRemoveHandle(hCard);
	rv = scDisconnectStruct.rv;

end:
	(void)pthread_mutex_unlock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

error:
    PROFILE_END(rv)
	API_TRACE_OUT("")

	return rv;
}

/**
 * @brief Establishes a temporary exclusive access mode for
 * doing a serie of commands in a transaction.
 *
 * You might want to use this when you are selecting a few files and then
 * writing a large file so you can make sure that another application will
 * not change the current file. If another application has a lock on this
 * reader or this application is in \ref SCARD_SHARE_EXCLUSIVE there will be no
 * action taken.
 *
 * @ingroup API
 * @param[in] hCard Connection made from SCardConnect().
 *
 * @return Error code.
 * @retval SCARD_S_SUCCESS Successful (\ref SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE Invalid hCard handle (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE The server is not runing (\ref SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_READER_UNAVAILABLE The reader has been removed (\ref SCARD_E_READER_UNAVAILABLE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_SHARING_VIOLATION Someone else has exclusive rights (\ref SCARD_E_SHARING_VIOLATION)
 * @retval SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR An internal communications error has been detected (\ref SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR)
 *
 * @code
 * SCARDCONTEXT hContext;
 * SCARDHANDLE hCard;
 * DWORD dwActiveProtocol;
 * LONG rv;
 * ...
 * rv = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM, NULL, NULL, &hContext);
 * rv = SCardConnect(hContext, "Reader X", SCARD_SHARE_SHARED,
 *          SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0, &hCard, &dwActiveProtocol);
 * rv = SCardBeginTransaction(hCard);
 * ...
 * / * Do some transmit commands * /
 * @endcode
 */
LONG SCardBeginTransaction(SCARDHANDLE hCard)
{

	LONG rv;
	struct begin_struct scBeginStruct;
	SCONTEXTMAP * currentContextMap;
	CHANNEL_MAP * pChannelMap;

	PROFILE_START

	CHECK_SAME_PROCESS

	/*
	 * Make sure this handle has been opened
	 */
	rv = SCardGetContextAndChannelFromHandle(hCard, &currentContextMap,
		&pChannelMap);
	if (rv == -1)
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;

	(void)pthread_mutex_lock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

	/* check the handle is still valid */
	rv = SCardGetContextAndChannelFromHandle(hCard, &currentContextMap,
		&pChannelMap);
	if (rv == -1)
		/* the handle is now invalid
		 * -> another thread may have called SCardReleaseContext
		 * -> so the mMutex has been unlocked */
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;

	scBeginStruct.hCard = hCard;
	scBeginStruct.rv = SCARD_S_SUCCESS;

	/*
	 * Query the server every so often until the sharing violation ends
	 * and then hold the lock for yourself.
	 */

	do
	{
		rv = MessageSendWithHeader(SCARD_BEGIN_TRANSACTION,
			currentContextMap->dwClientID,
			sizeof(scBeginStruct), (void *) &scBeginStruct);

		if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
			goto end;

		/*
		 * Read a message from the server
		 */
		rv = MessageReceive(&scBeginStruct, sizeof(scBeginStruct),
			currentContextMap->dwClientID);

		if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
			goto end;

		rv = scBeginStruct.rv;
	}
	while (SCARD_E_SHARING_VIOLATION == rv);

end:
	(void)pthread_mutex_unlock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

    PROFILE_END(rv)

	return rv;
}

/**
 * @brief Ends a previously begun transaction.
 *
 * The calling application must be the owner of the previously begun
 * transaction or an error will occur.
 *
 * @ingroup API
 * @param[in] hCard Connection made from SCardConnect().
 * @param[in] dwDisposition Action to be taken on the reader.
 * The disposition action is not currently used in this release.
 * - \ref SCARD_LEAVE_CARD - Do nothing.
 * - \ref SCARD_RESET_CARD - Reset the card.
 * - \ref SCARD_UNPOWER_CARD - Unpower the card.
 * - \ref SCARD_EJECT_CARD - Eject the card.
 *
 * @return Error code.
 * @retval SCARD_S_SUCCESS Successful (\ref SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE Invalid \p hCard handle (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_VALUE Invalid value for \p dwDisposition (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_VALUE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE The server is not runing (\ref SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_READER_UNAVAILABLE The reader has been removed (\ref SCARD_E_READER_UNAVAILABLE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_SHARING_VIOLATION Someone else has exclusive rights (\ref SCARD_E_SHARING_VIOLATION)
 * @retval SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR An internal communications error has been detected (\ref SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR)
 *
 * @code
 * SCARDCONTEXT hContext;
 * SCARDHANDLE hCard;
 * DWORD dwActiveProtocol;
 * LONG rv;
 * ...
 * rv = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM, NULL, NULL, &hContext);
 * rv = SCardConnect(hContext, "Reader X", SCARD_SHARE_SHARED,
 *          SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0, &hCard, &dwActiveProtocol);
 * rv = SCardBeginTransaction(hCard);
 * ...
 * / * Do some transmit commands * /
 * ...
 * rv = SCardEndTransaction(hCard, SCARD_LEAVE_CARD);
 * @endcode
 */
LONG SCardEndTransaction(SCARDHANDLE hCard, DWORD dwDisposition)
{
	LONG rv;
	struct end_struct scEndStruct;
	int randnum;
	SCONTEXTMAP * currentContextMap;
	CHANNEL_MAP * pChannelMap;

	PROFILE_START

	CHECK_SAME_PROCESS

	/*
	 * Make sure this handle has been opened
	 */
	rv = SCardGetContextAndChannelFromHandle(hCard, &currentContextMap,
		&pChannelMap);
	if (rv == -1)
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;

	(void)pthread_mutex_lock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

	/* check the handle is still valid */
	rv = SCardGetContextAndChannelFromHandle(hCard, &currentContextMap,
		&pChannelMap);
	if (rv == -1)
		/* the handle is now invalid
		 * -> another thread may have called SCardReleaseContext
		 * -> so the mMutex has been unlocked */
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;

	scEndStruct.hCard = hCard;
	scEndStruct.dwDisposition = dwDisposition;
	scEndStruct.rv = SCARD_S_SUCCESS;

	rv = MessageSendWithHeader(SCARD_END_TRANSACTION,
		currentContextMap->dwClientID,
		sizeof(scEndStruct), (void *) &scEndStruct);

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	/*
	 * Read a message from the server
	 */
	rv = MessageReceive(&scEndStruct, sizeof(scEndStruct),
		currentContextMap->dwClientID);

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	/*
	 * This helps prevent starvation
	 */
	randnum = SYS_RandomInt(1000, 10000);
	(void)SYS_USleep(randnum);
	rv = scEndStruct.rv;

end:
	(void)pthread_mutex_unlock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

	PROFILE_END(rv)

	return rv;
}

/**
 * @brief Returns the current status of the reader connected to
 * by \p hCard.
 *
 * It's friendly name will be stored in \p szReaderName. \p pcchReaderLen will
 * be the size of the allocated buffer for \p szReaderName, while \p pcbAtrLen
 * will be the size of the allocated buffer for \p pbAtr. If either of these is
 * too small, the function will return with \ref SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER
 * and the necessary size in \p pcchReaderLen and \p pcbAtrLen. The current
 * state, and protocol will be stored in pdwState and \p pdwProtocol
 * respectively.
 *
 * *pdwState also contains a number of events in the upper 16 bits
 * (*pdwState & 0xFFFF0000). This number of events is incremented
 * for each card insertion or removal in the specified reader. This can
 * be used to detect a card removal/insertion between two calls to
 * SCardStatus()
 *
 * If \c *pcchReaderLen is equal to \ref SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE then the function
 * will allocate itself the needed memory for mszReaderName. Use
 * SCardFreeMemory() to release it.
 *
 * If \c *pcbAtrLen is equal to \ref SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE then the function will
 * allocate itself the needed memory for pbAtr. Use SCardFreeMemory() to
 * release it.
 *
 * @ingroup API
 * @param[in] hCard Connection made from SCardConnect().
 * @param[in,out] mszReaderName Friendly name of this reader.
 * @param[in,out] pcchReaderLen Size of the \p szReaderName multistring.
 * @param[out] pdwState Current state of this reader. \p pdwState
 * is a DWORD possibly OR'd with the following values:
 * - \ref SCARD_ABSENT - There is no card in the reader.
 * - \ref SCARD_PRESENT - There is a card in the reader, but it has not
 *   been moved into position for use.
 * - \ref SCARD_SWALLOWED - There is a card in the reader in position for
 *   use.  The card is not powered.
 * - \ref SCARD_POWERED - Power is being provided to the card, but the
 *   reader driver is unaware of the mode of the card.
 * - \ref SCARD_NEGOTIABLE - The card has been reset and is awaiting PTS
 *   negotiation.
 * - \ref SCARD_SPECIFIC - The card has been reset and specific
 *   communication protocols have been established.
 * @param[out] pdwProtocol Current protocol of this reader.
 * - \ref SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0 	Use the T=0 protocol.
 * - \ref SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1 	Use the T=1 protocol.
 * @param[out] pbAtr Current ATR of a card in this reader.
 * @param[out] pcbAtrLen Length of ATR.
 *
 * @return Error code.
 * @retval SCARD_S_SUCCESS Successful (\ref SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER Not enough allocated memory for \p szReaderName or for \p pbAtr (\ref SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE Invalid \p hCard handle (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER \p pcchReaderLen or \p pcbAtrLen is NULL (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY Memory allocation failed (\ref SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE The server is not runing (\ref SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_READER_UNAVAILABLE The reader has been removed (\ref SCARD_E_READER_UNAVAILABLE)
 * @retval SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR An internal communications error has been detected (\ref SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR)
 * @retval SCARD_F_INTERNAL_ERROR An internal consistency check failed (\ref SCARD_F_INTERNAL_ERROR)
 * @retval SCARD_W_REMOVED_CARD The smart card has been removed (\ref SCARD_W_REMOVED_CARD)
 * @retval SCARD_W_RESET_CARD The smart card has been reset (\ref SCARD_W_RESET_CARD)
 *
 * @code
 * SCARDCONTEXT hContext;
 * SCARDHANDLE hCard;
 * DWORD dwActiveProtocol;
 * DWORD dwState, dwProtocol, dwAtrLen, dwReaderLen;
 * BYTE pbAtr[MAX_ATR_SIZE];
 * ...
 * rv = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM, NULL, NULL, &hContext);
 * rv = SCardConnect(hContext, "Reader X", SCARD_SHARE_SHARED,
 *          SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0, &hCard, &dwActiveProtocol);
 * ...
 * dwAtrLen = sizeof(pbAtr);
 * rv = SCardStatus(hCard, NULL, &dwReaderLen, &dwState, &dwProtocol, pbAtr, &dwAtrLen);
 * @endcode
 *
 * @code
 * SCARDCONTEXT hContext;
 * SCARDHANDLE hCard;
 * DWORD dwActiveProtocol;
 * DWORD dwState, dwProtocol, dwAtrLen, dwReaderLen;
 * BYTE *pbAtr = NULL;
 * char *pcReader = NULL;
 * ...
 * rv = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM, NULL, NULL, &hContext);
 * rv = SCardConnect(hContext, "Reader X", SCARD_SHARE_SHARED,
 *          SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0, &hCard, &dwActiveProtocol);
 * ...
 * dwReaderLen = SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE;
 * dwAtrLen = SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE;
 * rv = SCardStatus(hCard, (LPSTR)&pcReader, &dwReaderLen, &dwState,
 *          &dwProtocol, (LPBYTE)&pbAtr, &dwAtrLen);
 * @endcode
 */
LONG SCardStatus(SCARDHANDLE hCard, LPSTR mszReaderName,
	LPDWORD pcchReaderLen, LPDWORD pdwState,
	LPDWORD pdwProtocol, LPBYTE pbAtr, LPDWORD pcbAtrLen)
{
	DWORD dwReaderLen, dwAtrLen;
	LONG rv;
	int i;
	struct status_struct scStatusStruct;
	SCONTEXTMAP * currentContextMap;
	CHANNEL_MAP * pChannelMap;
	char *r;
	char *bufReader = NULL;
	LPBYTE bufAtr = NULL;
	DWORD dummy = 0;

	PROFILE_START

	/* default output values */
	if (pdwState)
		*pdwState = 0;

	if (pdwProtocol)
		*pdwProtocol = 0;

	/* Check for NULL parameters */
	if (pcchReaderLen == NULL)
		pcchReaderLen = &dummy;

	if (pcbAtrLen == NULL)
		pcbAtrLen = &dummy;

	/* length passed from caller */
	dwReaderLen = *pcchReaderLen;
	dwAtrLen = *pcbAtrLen;

	*pcchReaderLen = 0;
	*pcbAtrLen = 0;

	CHECK_SAME_PROCESS

	/*
	 * Make sure this handle has been opened
	 */
	rv = SCardGetContextAndChannelFromHandle(hCard, &currentContextMap,
		&pChannelMap);
	if (rv == -1)
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;

	(void)pthread_mutex_lock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

	/* check the handle is still valid */
	rv = SCardGetContextAndChannelFromHandle(hCard, &currentContextMap,
		&pChannelMap);
	if (rv == -1)
		/* the handle is now invalid
		 * -> another thread may have called SCardReleaseContext
		 * -> so the mMutex has been unlocked */
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;

	/* synchronize reader states with daemon */
	rv = getReaderStates(currentContextMap);
	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	r = pChannelMap->readerName;
	for (i = 0; i < PCSCLITE_MAX_READERS_CONTEXTS; i++)
	{
		/* by default r == NULL */
		if (r && strcmp(r, readerStates[i].readerName) == 0)
			break;
	}

	if (i == PCSCLITE_MAX_READERS_CONTEXTS)
	{
		rv = SCARD_E_READER_UNAVAILABLE;
		goto end;
	}

	/* Retry loop for blocking behaviour */
retry:

	/* initialise the structure */
	memset(&scStatusStruct, 0, sizeof(scStatusStruct));
	scStatusStruct.hCard = hCard;

	rv = MessageSendWithHeader(SCARD_STATUS, currentContextMap->dwClientID,
		sizeof(scStatusStruct), (void *) &scStatusStruct);

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	/*
	 * Read a message from the server
	 */
	rv = MessageReceive(&scStatusStruct, sizeof(scStatusStruct),
		currentContextMap->dwClientID);

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	rv = scStatusStruct.rv;

	if (sharing_shall_block && (SCARD_E_SHARING_VIOLATION == rv))
	{
		(void)SYS_USleep(PCSCLITE_LOCK_POLL_RATE);
		goto retry;
	}

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS && rv != SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
	{
		/*
		 * An event must have occurred
		 */
		goto end;
	}

	/*
	 * Now continue with the client side SCardStatus
	 */

	*pcchReaderLen = strlen(pChannelMap->readerName) + 1;
	*pcbAtrLen = readerStates[i].cardAtrLength;

	if (pdwState)
		*pdwState = (readerStates[i].eventCounter << 16) + readerStates[i].readerState;

	if (pdwProtocol)
		*pdwProtocol = readerStates[i].cardProtocol;

	if (SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE == dwReaderLen)
	{
		dwReaderLen = *pcchReaderLen;
		bufReader = malloc(dwReaderLen);
		if (NULL == bufReader)
		{
			rv = SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY;
			goto end;
		}
		if (NULL == mszReaderName)
		{
			rv = SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER;
			goto end;
		}
		*(char **)mszReaderName = bufReader;
	}
	else
		bufReader = mszReaderName;

	/* return SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER only if buffer pointer is non NULL */
	if (bufReader)
	{
		if (*pcchReaderLen > dwReaderLen)
			rv = SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER;

		strncpy(bufReader, pChannelMap->readerName, dwReaderLen);
	}

	if (SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE == dwAtrLen)
	{
		dwAtrLen = *pcbAtrLen;
		bufAtr = malloc(dwAtrLen);
		if (NULL == bufAtr)
		{
			rv = SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY;
			goto end;
		}
		if (NULL == pbAtr)
		{
			rv = SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER;
			goto end;
		}
		*(LPBYTE *)pbAtr = bufAtr;
	}
	else
		bufAtr = pbAtr;

	if (bufAtr)
	{
		if (*pcbAtrLen > dwAtrLen)
			rv = SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER;

		memcpy(bufAtr, readerStates[i].cardAtr, min(*pcbAtrLen, dwAtrLen));
	}

end:
	(void)pthread_mutex_unlock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

    PROFILE_END(rv)

	return rv;
}

/**
 * @brief Blocks execution until the current availability
 * of the cards in a specific set of readers changes.
 *
 * This function receives a structure or list of structures containing
 * reader names. It then blocks for a change in state to occur for a
 * maximum blocking time of \p dwTimeout or forever if \ref INFINITE is
 * used.
 *
 * The new event state will be contained in \p dwEventState. A status change
 * might be a card insertion or removal event, a change in ATR, etc.
 *
 * \p dwEventState also contains a number of events in the upper 16 bits
 * (\p dwEventState & 0xFFFF0000). This number of events is incremented
 * for each card insertion or removal in the specified reader. This can
 * be used to detect a card removal/insertion between two calls to
 * SCardGetStatusChange()
 *
 * To wait for a reader event (reader added or removed) you may use the special
 * reader name \c "\\?PnP?\Notification". If a reader event occurs the state of
 * this reader will change and the bit \ref SCARD_STATE_CHANGED will be set.
 *
 * @code
 * typedef struct {
 *   LPCSTR szReader;          // Reader name
 *   LPVOID pvUserData;         // User defined data
 *   DWORD dwCurrentState;      // Current state of reader
 *   DWORD dwEventState;        // Reader state after a state change
 *   DWORD cbAtr;               // ATR Length, usually MAX_ATR_SIZE
 *   BYTE rgbAtr[MAX_ATR_SIZE]; // ATR Value
 * } SCARD_READERSTATE;
 * ...
 * typedef SCARD_READERSTATE *PSCARD_READERSTATE, **LPSCARD_READERSTATE;
 * ...
 * @endcode
 *
 * Value of \p dwCurrentState and \p dwEventState:
 * - \ref SCARD_STATE_UNAWARE The application is unaware of the current
 *   state, and would like to know. The use of this value results in an
 *   immediate return from state transition monitoring services. This is
 *   represented by all bits set to zero.
 * - \ref SCARD_STATE_IGNORE This reader should be ignored
 * - \ref SCARD_STATE_CHANGED There is a difference between the state
 *   believed by the application, and the state known by the resource
 *   manager.  When this bit is set, the application may assume a
 *   significant state change has occurred on this reader.
 * - \ref SCARD_STATE_UNKNOWN The given reader name is not recognized by the
 *   resource manager. If this bit is set, then \ref SCARD_STATE_CHANGED and
 *   \ref SCARD_STATE_IGNORE will also be set
 * - \ref SCARD_STATE_UNAVAILABLE The actual state of this reader is not
 *   available. If this bit is set, then all the following bits are clear.
 * - \ref SCARD_STATE_EMPTY There is no card in the reader. If this bit
 *   is set, all the following bits will be clear
 * - \ref SCARD_STATE_PRESENT There is a card in the reader
 * - \ref SCARD_STATE_EXCLUSIVE The card in the reader is allocated for
 *   exclusive use by another application. If this bit is set,
 *   \ref SCARD_STATE_PRESENT will also be set.
 * - \ref SCARD_STATE_INUSE The card in the reader is in use by one or more
 *   other applications, but may be connected to in shared mode. If this
 *   bit is set, \ref SCARD_STATE_PRESENT will also be set.
 * - \ref SCARD_STATE_MUTE There is an unresponsive card in the reader.
 *
 * @ingroup API
 * @param[in] hContext Connection context to the PC/SC Resource Manager.
 * @param[in] dwTimeout Maximum waiting time (in milliseconds) for status
 *            change, zero (or \ref INFINITE) for infinite.
 * @param[in,out] rgReaderStates Structures of readers with current states.
 * @param[in] cReaders Number of structures.
 *
 * @return Error code.
 * @retval SCARD_S_SUCCESS Successful (\ref SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE Server is not running (\ref SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER \p rgReaderStates is NULL and \p cReaders > 0 (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_VALUE Invalid States, reader name, etc (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_VALUE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE Invalid hContext handle (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_READER_UNAVAILABLE The reader is unavailable (\ref SCARD_E_READER_UNAVAILABLE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_TIMEOUT The user-specified timeout value has expired (\ref SCARD_E_TIMEOUT)
 *
 * @code
 * SCARDCONTEXT hContext;
 * SCARD_READERSTATE rgReaderStates[2];
 * LONG rv;
 * ...
 * rv = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM, NULL, NULL, &hContext);
 * ...
 * rgReaderStates[0].szReader = "Reader X";
 * rgReaderStates[0].dwCurrentState = SCARD_STATE_UNAWARE;
 *
 * rgReaderStates[1].szReader = "\\\\?PnP?\\Notification";
 * rgReaderStates[1].dwCurrentState = SCARD_STATE_UNAWARE;
 * ...
 * rv = SCardGetStatusChange(hContext, INFINITE, rgReaderStates, 2);
 * printf("reader state: 0x%04X\n", rgReaderStates[0].dwEventState);
 * printf("reader state: 0x%04X\n", rgReaderStates[1].dwEventState);
 * @endcode
 */
LONG SCardGetStatusChange(SCARDCONTEXT hContext, DWORD dwTimeout,
	SCARD_READERSTATE *rgReaderStates, DWORD cReaders)
{
	SCARD_READERSTATE *currReader;
	READER_STATE *rContext;
	long dwTime;
	DWORD dwBreakFlag = 0;
	unsigned int j;
	SCONTEXTMAP * currentContextMap;
	int currentReaderCount = 0;
	LONG rv = SCARD_S_SUCCESS;

	PROFILE_START
	API_TRACE_IN("%ld %ld %d", hContext, dwTimeout, cReaders)
#ifdef DO_TRACE
	for (j=0; j<cReaders; j++)
	{
		API_TRACE_IN("[%d] %s %lX %lX", j, rgReaderStates[j].szReader,
			rgReaderStates[j].dwCurrentState, rgReaderStates[j].dwEventState)
	}
#endif

	if ((rgReaderStates == NULL && cReaders > 0)
		|| (cReaders > PCSCLITE_MAX_READERS_CONTEXTS))
	{
		rv = SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER;
		goto error;
	}

	/* Check the integrity of the reader states structures */
	for (j = 0; j < cReaders; j++)
	{
		if (rgReaderStates[j].szReader == NULL)
			return SCARD_E_INVALID_VALUE;
	}

	/* return if all readers are SCARD_STATE_IGNORE */
	if (cReaders > 0)
	{
		int nbNonIgnoredReaders = cReaders;

		for (j=0; j<cReaders; j++)
			if (rgReaderStates[j].dwCurrentState & SCARD_STATE_IGNORE)
				nbNonIgnoredReaders--;

		if (0 == nbNonIgnoredReaders)
		{
			rv = SCARD_S_SUCCESS;
			goto error;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		/* reader list is empty */
		rv = SCARD_S_SUCCESS;
		goto error;
	}

	CHECK_SAME_PROCESS

	/*
	 * Make sure this context has been opened
	 */
	currentContextMap = SCardGetContext(hContext);
	if (NULL == currentContextMap)
	{
		rv = SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;
		goto error;
	}

	(void)pthread_mutex_lock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

	/* check the context is still opened */
	currentContextMap = SCardGetContext(hContext);
	if (NULL == currentContextMap)
		/* the context is now invalid
		 * -> another thread may have called SCardReleaseContext
		 * -> so the mMutex has been unlocked */
	{
		rv = SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;
		goto error;
	}

	/* synchronize reader states with daemon */
	rv = getReaderStates(currentContextMap);
	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	/* Clear the event state for all readers */
	for (j = 0; j < cReaders; j++)
		rgReaderStates[j].dwEventState = 0;

	/* Now is where we start our event checking loop */
	Log2(PCSC_LOG_DEBUG, "Event Loop Start, dwTimeout: %ld", dwTimeout);

	/* Get the initial reader count on the system */
	for (j=0; j < PCSCLITE_MAX_READERS_CONTEXTS; j++)
		if (readerStates[j].readerName[0] != '\0')
			currentReaderCount++;

	/* catch possible sign extension problems from 32 to 64-bits integers */
	if ((DWORD)-1 == dwTimeout)
		dwTimeout = INFINITE;
	if (INFINITE == dwTimeout)
		dwTime = 60*1000;	/* "infinite" timeout */
	else
		dwTime = dwTimeout;

	j = 0;
	do
	{
		currReader = &rgReaderStates[j];

		/* Ignore for IGNORED readers */
		if (!(currReader->dwCurrentState & SCARD_STATE_IGNORE))
		{
			const char *readerName;
			int i;

			/* Looks for correct readernames */
			readerName = currReader->szReader;
			for (i = 0; i < PCSCLITE_MAX_READERS_CONTEXTS; i++)
			{
				if (strcmp(readerName, readerStates[i].readerName) == 0)
					break;
			}

			/* The requested reader name is not recognized */
			if (i == PCSCLITE_MAX_READERS_CONTEXTS)
			{
				/* PnP special reader? */
				if (strcasecmp(readerName, "\\\\?PnP?\\Notification") == 0)
				{
					int k, newReaderCount = 0;

					for (k=0; k < PCSCLITE_MAX_READERS_CONTEXTS; k++)
						if (readerStates[k].readerName[0] != '\0')
							newReaderCount++;

					if (newReaderCount != currentReaderCount)
					{
						Log1(PCSC_LOG_INFO, "Reader list changed");
						currentReaderCount = newReaderCount;

						currReader->dwEventState |= SCARD_STATE_CHANGED;
						dwBreakFlag = 1;
					}
				}
				else
				{
					currReader->dwEventState =
						SCARD_STATE_UNKNOWN | SCARD_STATE_UNAVAILABLE;
					if (!(currReader->dwCurrentState & SCARD_STATE_UNKNOWN))
					{
						currReader->dwEventState |= SCARD_STATE_CHANGED;
						/*
						 * Spec says use SCARD_STATE_IGNORE but a removed USB
						 * reader with eventState fed into currentState will
						 * be ignored forever
						 */
						dwBreakFlag = 1;
					}
				}
			}
			else
			{
				uint32_t readerState;

				/* The reader has come back after being away */
				if (currReader->dwCurrentState & SCARD_STATE_UNKNOWN)
				{
					currReader->dwEventState |= SCARD_STATE_CHANGED;
					currReader->dwEventState &= ~SCARD_STATE_UNKNOWN;
					Log0(PCSC_LOG_DEBUG);
					dwBreakFlag = 1;
				}

				/* Set the reader status structure */
				rContext = &readerStates[i];

				/* Now we check all the Reader States */
				readerState = rContext->readerState;

				/* only if current state has an non null event counter */
				if (currReader->dwCurrentState & 0xFFFF0000)
				{
					unsigned int currentCounter;

					currentCounter = (currReader->dwCurrentState >> 16) & 0xFFFF;

					/* has the event counter changed since the last call? */
					if (rContext->eventCounter != currentCounter)
					{
						currReader->dwEventState |= SCARD_STATE_CHANGED;
						Log0(PCSC_LOG_DEBUG);
						dwBreakFlag = 1;
					}
				}

				/* add an event counter in the upper word of dwEventState */
				currReader->dwEventState = ((currReader->dwEventState & 0xffff )
					| (rContext->eventCounter << 16));

				/* Check if the reader is in the correct state */
				if (readerState & SCARD_UNKNOWN)
				{
					/* reader is in bad state */
					currReader->dwEventState = SCARD_STATE_UNAVAILABLE;
					if (!(currReader->dwCurrentState & SCARD_STATE_UNAVAILABLE))
					{
						/* App thinks reader is in good state and it is not */
						currReader->dwEventState |= SCARD_STATE_CHANGED;
						Log0(PCSC_LOG_DEBUG);
						dwBreakFlag = 1;
					}
				}
				else
				{
					/* App thinks reader in bad state but it is not */
					if (currReader-> dwCurrentState & SCARD_STATE_UNAVAILABLE)
					{
						currReader->dwEventState &= ~SCARD_STATE_UNAVAILABLE;
						currReader->dwEventState |= SCARD_STATE_CHANGED;
						Log0(PCSC_LOG_DEBUG);
						dwBreakFlag = 1;
					}
				}

				/* Check for card presence in the reader */
				if (readerState & SCARD_PRESENT)
				{
					/* card present but not yet powered up */
					if (0 == rContext->cardAtrLength)
						/* Allow the status thread to convey information */
						(void)SYS_USleep(PCSCLITE_STATUS_POLL_RATE + 10);

					currReader->cbAtr = rContext->cardAtrLength;
					memcpy(currReader->rgbAtr, rContext->cardAtr,
						currReader->cbAtr);
				}
				else
					currReader->cbAtr = 0;

				/* Card is now absent */
				if (readerState & SCARD_ABSENT)
				{
					currReader->dwEventState |= SCARD_STATE_EMPTY;
					currReader->dwEventState &= ~SCARD_STATE_PRESENT;
					currReader->dwEventState &= ~SCARD_STATE_UNAWARE;
					currReader->dwEventState &= ~SCARD_STATE_IGNORE;
					currReader->dwEventState &= ~SCARD_STATE_UNKNOWN;
					currReader->dwEventState &= ~SCARD_STATE_UNAVAILABLE;
					currReader->dwEventState &= ~SCARD_STATE_ATRMATCH;
					currReader->dwEventState &= ~SCARD_STATE_MUTE;
					currReader->dwEventState &= ~SCARD_STATE_INUSE;

					/* After present the rest are assumed */
					if (currReader->dwCurrentState & SCARD_STATE_PRESENT)
					{
						currReader->dwEventState |= SCARD_STATE_CHANGED;
						Log0(PCSC_LOG_DEBUG);
						dwBreakFlag = 1;
					}
				}
				/* Card is now present */
				else if (readerState & SCARD_PRESENT)
				{
					currReader->dwEventState |= SCARD_STATE_PRESENT;
					currReader->dwEventState &= ~SCARD_STATE_EMPTY;
					currReader->dwEventState &= ~SCARD_STATE_UNAWARE;
					currReader->dwEventState &= ~SCARD_STATE_IGNORE;
					currReader->dwEventState &= ~SCARD_STATE_UNKNOWN;
					currReader->dwEventState &= ~SCARD_STATE_UNAVAILABLE;
					currReader->dwEventState &= ~SCARD_STATE_MUTE;

					if (currReader->dwCurrentState & SCARD_STATE_EMPTY)
					{
						currReader->dwEventState |= SCARD_STATE_CHANGED;
						Log0(PCSC_LOG_DEBUG);
						dwBreakFlag = 1;
					}

					if (readerState & SCARD_SWALLOWED)
					{
						currReader->dwEventState |= SCARD_STATE_MUTE;
						if (!(currReader->dwCurrentState & SCARD_STATE_MUTE))
						{
							currReader->dwEventState |= SCARD_STATE_CHANGED;
							Log0(PCSC_LOG_DEBUG);
							dwBreakFlag = 1;
						}
					}
					else
					{
						/* App thinks card is mute but it is not */
						if (currReader->dwCurrentState & SCARD_STATE_MUTE)
						{
							currReader->dwEventState |= SCARD_STATE_CHANGED;
							Log0(PCSC_LOG_DEBUG);
							dwBreakFlag = 1;
						}
					}
				}

				/* Now figure out sharing modes */
				if (rContext->readerSharing == PCSCLITE_SHARING_EXCLUSIVE_CONTEXT)
				{
					currReader->dwEventState |= SCARD_STATE_EXCLUSIVE;
					currReader->dwEventState &= ~SCARD_STATE_INUSE;
					if (currReader->dwCurrentState & SCARD_STATE_INUSE)
					{
						currReader->dwEventState |= SCARD_STATE_CHANGED;
						Log0(PCSC_LOG_DEBUG);
						dwBreakFlag = 1;
					}
				}
				else if (rContext->readerSharing >= PCSCLITE_SHARING_LAST_CONTEXT)
				{
					/* A card must be inserted for it to be INUSE */
					if (readerState & SCARD_PRESENT)
					{
						currReader->dwEventState |= SCARD_STATE_INUSE;
						currReader->dwEventState &= ~SCARD_STATE_EXCLUSIVE;
						if (currReader-> dwCurrentState & SCARD_STATE_EXCLUSIVE)
						{
							currReader->dwEventState |= SCARD_STATE_CHANGED;
							Log0(PCSC_LOG_DEBUG);
							dwBreakFlag = 1;
						}
					}
				}
				else if (rContext->readerSharing == PCSCLITE_SHARING_NO_CONTEXT)
				{
					currReader->dwEventState &= ~SCARD_STATE_INUSE;
					currReader->dwEventState &= ~SCARD_STATE_EXCLUSIVE;

					if (currReader->dwCurrentState & SCARD_STATE_INUSE)
					{
						currReader->dwEventState |= SCARD_STATE_CHANGED;
						Log0(PCSC_LOG_DEBUG);
						dwBreakFlag = 1;
					}
					else if (currReader-> dwCurrentState
						& SCARD_STATE_EXCLUSIVE)
					{
						currReader->dwEventState |= SCARD_STATE_CHANGED;
						Log0(PCSC_LOG_DEBUG);
						dwBreakFlag = 1;
					}
				}

				if (currReader->dwCurrentState == SCARD_STATE_UNAWARE)
				{
					/*
					 * Break out of the while .. loop and return status
					 * once all the status's for all readers is met
					 */
					currReader->dwEventState |= SCARD_STATE_CHANGED;
					Log0(PCSC_LOG_DEBUG);
					dwBreakFlag = 1;
				}
			}	/* End of SCARD_STATE_UNKNOWN */
		}	/* End of SCARD_STATE_IGNORE */

		/* Counter and resetter */
		j++;
		if (j == cReaders)
		{
			/* go back to the first reader */
			j = 0;

			/* Declare all the break conditions */

			/* Break if UNAWARE is set and all readers have been checked */
			if (dwBreakFlag == 1)
				break;

			/* Only sleep once for each cycle of reader checks. */
			{
				struct wait_reader_state_change waitStatusStruct;
				struct timeval before, after;

				gettimeofday(&before, NULL);

				waitStatusStruct.timeOut = dwTime;
				waitStatusStruct.rv = SCARD_S_SUCCESS;

				/* another thread can do SCardCancel() */
				currentContextMap->cancellable = TRUE;

				rv = MessageSendWithHeader(CMD_WAIT_READER_STATE_CHANGE,
					currentContextMap->dwClientID,
					sizeof(waitStatusStruct), &waitStatusStruct);

				if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
					goto end;

				/*
				 * Read a message from the server
				 */
				rv = MessageReceiveTimeout(CMD_WAIT_READER_STATE_CHANGE,
					&waitStatusStruct, sizeof(waitStatusStruct),
					currentContextMap->dwClientID, dwTime);

				/* another thread can do SCardCancel() */
				currentContextMap->cancellable = FALSE;

				/* timeout */
				if (SCARD_E_TIMEOUT == rv)
				{
					/* ask server to remove us from the event list */
					rv = MessageSendWithHeader(CMD_STOP_WAITING_READER_STATE_CHANGE,
						currentContextMap->dwClientID,
						sizeof(waitStatusStruct), &waitStatusStruct);

					if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
						goto end;

					/* Read a message from the server */
					rv = MessageReceive(&waitStatusStruct,
						sizeof(waitStatusStruct),
						currentContextMap->dwClientID);

					if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
						goto end;
				}

				if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
					goto end;

				/* an event occurs or SCardCancel() was called */
				if (SCARD_S_SUCCESS != waitStatusStruct.rv)
				{
					rv = waitStatusStruct.rv;
					goto end;
				}

				/* synchronize reader states with daemon */
				rv = getReaderStates(currentContextMap);
				if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
					goto end;

				if (INFINITE != dwTimeout)
				{
					long int diff;

					gettimeofday(&after, NULL);
					diff = time_sub(&after, &before);
					dwTime -= diff/1000;
				}
			}

			if (dwTimeout != INFINITE)
			{
				/* If time is greater than timeout and all readers have been
				 * checked
				 */
				if (dwTime <= 0)
				{
					rv = SCARD_E_TIMEOUT;
					goto end;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	while (1);

end:
	Log1(PCSC_LOG_DEBUG, "Event Loop End");

	(void)pthread_mutex_unlock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

error:
	PROFILE_END(rv)
#ifdef DO_TRACE
	for (j=0; j<cReaders; j++)
	{
		API_TRACE_OUT("[%d] %s %X %X", j, rgReaderStates[j].szReader,
			rgReaderStates[j].dwCurrentState, rgReaderStates[j].dwEventState)
	}
#endif

	return rv;
}

/**
 * @brief Sends a command directly to the IFD Handler (reader
 * driver) to be processed by the reader.
 *
 * This is useful for creating client side reader drivers for functions like
 * PIN pads, biometrics, or other extensions to the normal smart card reader
 * that are not normally handled by PC/SC.
 *
 * @note the API of this function changed. In pcsc-lite 1.2.0 and before the
 * API was not Windows(R) PC/SC compatible. This has been corrected.
 *
 * @ingroup API
 * @param[in] hCard Connection made from SCardConnect().
 * @param[in] dwControlCode Control code for the operation.\n
 * <a href="http://pcsclite.alioth.debian.org/pcsc-lite/node28.html">
 * Click here</a> for a list of supported commands by some drivers.
 * @param[in] pbSendBuffer Command to send to the reader.
 * @param[in] cbSendLength Length of the command.
 * @param[out] pbRecvBuffer Response from the reader.
 * @param[in] cbRecvLength Length of the response buffer.
 * @param[out] lpBytesReturned Length of the response.
 *
 * @return Error code.
 * @retval SCARD_S_SUCCESS Successful (\ref SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER \p cbSendLength or \p cbRecvLength are too big (\ref SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE Invalid \p hCard handle (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER \p pbSendBuffer is NULL or \p cbSendLength is null and the IFDHandler is version 2.0 (without \p dwControlCode) (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_VALUE Invalid value was presented (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_VALUE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE The server is not runing (\ref SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NOT_TRANSACTED Data exchange not successful (\ref SCARD_E_NOT_TRANSACTED)
 * @retval SCARD_E_READER_UNAVAILABLE The reader has been removed(\ref SCARD_E_READER_UNAVAILABLE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_UNSUPPORTED_FEATURE Driver does not support (\ref SCARD_E_UNSUPPORTED_FEATURE)
 * @retval SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR An internal communications error has been detected (\ref SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR)
 * @retval SCARD_W_REMOVED_CARD The card has been removed from the reader(\ref SCARD_W_REMOVED_CARD)
 * @retval SCARD_W_RESET_CARD The card has been reset by another application (\ref SCARD_W_RESET_CARD)
 *
 * @code
 * LONG rv;
 * SCARDCONTEXT hContext;
 * SCARDHANDLE hCard;
 * DWORD dwActiveProtocol, dwSendLength, dwRecvLength;
 * BYTE pbRecvBuffer[10];
 * BYTE pbSendBuffer[] = { 0x06, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x01, 0x01, 0x10 0x00 };
 * ...
 * rv = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM, NULL, NULL, &hContext);
 * rv = SCardConnect(hContext, "Reader X", SCARD_SHARE_SHARED,
 *          SCARD_PROTOCOL_RAW, &hCard, &dwActiveProtocol);
 * dwSendLength = sizeof(pbSendBuffer);
 * dwRecvLength = sizeof(pbRecvBuffer);
 * rv = SCardControl(hCard, 0x42000001, pbSendBuffer, dwSendLength,
 *          pbRecvBuffer, sizeof(pbRecvBuffer), &dwRecvLength);
 * @endcode
 */
LONG SCardControl(SCARDHANDLE hCard, DWORD dwControlCode, LPCVOID pbSendBuffer,
	DWORD cbSendLength, LPVOID pbRecvBuffer, DWORD cbRecvLength,
	LPDWORD lpBytesReturned)
{
	LONG rv;
	struct control_struct scControlStruct;
	SCONTEXTMAP * currentContextMap;
	CHANNEL_MAP * pChannelMap;

	PROFILE_START

	/* 0 bytes received by default */
	if (NULL != lpBytesReturned)
		*lpBytesReturned = 0;

	CHECK_SAME_PROCESS

	/*
	 * Make sure this handle has been opened
	 */
	rv = SCardGetContextAndChannelFromHandle(hCard, &currentContextMap,
		&pChannelMap);
	if (rv == -1)
	{
		PROFILE_END(SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE)
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;
	}

	(void)pthread_mutex_lock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

	/* check the handle is still valid */
	rv = SCardGetContextAndChannelFromHandle(hCard, &currentContextMap,
		&pChannelMap);
	if (rv == -1)
		/* the handle is now invalid
		 * -> another thread may have called SCardReleaseContext
		 * -> so the mMutex has been unlocked */
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;

	if ((cbSendLength > MAX_BUFFER_SIZE_EXTENDED)
		|| (cbRecvLength > MAX_BUFFER_SIZE_EXTENDED))
	{
		rv = SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER;
		goto end;
	}

	scControlStruct.hCard = hCard;
	scControlStruct.dwControlCode = dwControlCode;
	scControlStruct.cbSendLength = cbSendLength;
	scControlStruct.cbRecvLength = cbRecvLength;
	scControlStruct.dwBytesReturned = 0;
	scControlStruct.rv = 0;

	rv = MessageSendWithHeader(SCARD_CONTROL, currentContextMap->dwClientID,
		sizeof(scControlStruct), &scControlStruct);

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	/* write the sent buffer */
	rv = MessageSend((char *)pbSendBuffer, cbSendLength,
		currentContextMap->dwClientID);

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	/*
	 * Read a message from the server
	 */
	rv = MessageReceive(&scControlStruct, sizeof(scControlStruct),
		currentContextMap->dwClientID);

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	if (SCARD_S_SUCCESS == scControlStruct.rv)
	{
		/* read the received buffer */
		rv = MessageReceive(pbRecvBuffer, scControlStruct.dwBytesReturned,
			currentContextMap->dwClientID);

		if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
			goto end;

	}

	if (NULL != lpBytesReturned)
		*lpBytesReturned = scControlStruct.dwBytesReturned;

	rv = scControlStruct.rv;

end:
	(void)pthread_mutex_unlock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

    PROFILE_END(rv)

	return rv;
}

/**
 * @brief Get an attribute from the IFD Handler (reader driver).
 *
 * The list of possible attributes is available in the file \c reader.h.
 *
 * If \c *pcbAttrLen is equal to \ref SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE then the function
 * will allocate itself the needed memory. Use SCardFreeMemory() to release it.
 *
 * @ingroup API
 * @param[in] hCard Connection made from SCardConnect().
 * @param[in] dwAttrId Identifier for the attribute to get.\n
 * Not all the \p dwAttrId values listed above may be implemented in the IFD
 * Handler you are using. And some \p dwAttrId values not listed here may be
 * implemented.
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_ASYNC_PROTOCOL_TYPES
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_ATR_STRING
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_CHANNEL_ID
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_CHARACTERISTICS
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_CURRENT_BWT
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_CURRENT_CLK
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_CURRENT_CWT
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_CURRENT_D
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_CURRENT_EBC_ENCODING
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_CURRENT_F
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_CURRENT_IFSC
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_CURRENT_IFSD
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_CURRENT_IO_STATE
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_CURRENT_N
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_CURRENT_PROTOCOL_TYPE
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_CURRENT_W
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_DEFAULT_CLK
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_DEFAULT_DATA_RATE
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_DEVICE_FRIENDLY_NAME\n
 *   Implemented by pcsc-lite if the IFD Handler (driver) returns \ref
 *   IFD_ERROR_TAG.  pcsc-lite then returns the same reader name as
 *   returned by \ref SCardListReaders.
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_DEVICE_IN_USE
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_DEVICE_SYSTEM_NAME
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_DEVICE_UNIT
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_ESC_AUTHREQUEST
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_ESC_CANCEL
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_ESC_RESET
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_EXTENDED_BWT
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_ICC_INTERFACE_STATUS
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_ICC_PRESENCE
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_ICC_TYPE_PER_ATR
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_MAX_CLK
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_MAX_DATA_RATE
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_MAX_IFSD
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_MAXINPUT
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_POWER_MGMT_SUPPORT
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_SUPRESS_T1_IFS_REQUEST
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_SYNC_PROTOCOL_TYPES
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_USER_AUTH_INPUT_DEVICE
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_USER_TO_CARD_AUTH_DEVICE
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_VENDOR_IFD_SERIAL_NO
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_VENDOR_IFD_TYPE
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_VENDOR_IFD_VERSION
 * - \ref SCARD_ATTR_VENDOR_NAME
 * @param[out] pbAttr Pointer to a buffer that receives the attribute.
 * @param[in,out] pcbAttrLen Length of the \p pbAttr buffer in bytes.
 *
 * @return Error code.
 * @retval SCARD_S_SUCCESS Successful (\ref SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER \p cbAttrLen is too big (\ref SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER Reader buffer not large enough (\ref SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE Invalid \p hCard handle (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER A parameter is NULL and should not (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY Memory allocation failed (\ref SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE The server is not runing (\ref SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NOT_TRANSACTED Data exchange not successful (\ref SCARD_E_NOT_TRANSACTED)
 * @retval SCARD_E_READER_UNAVAILABLE The reader has been removed (\ref SCARD_E_READER_UNAVAILABLE)
 * @retval SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR An internal communications error has been detected (\ref SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR)
 *
 * @code
 * LONG rv;
 * SCARDCONTEXT hContext;
 * SCARDHANDLE hCard;
 * DWORD dwActiveProtocol;
 * unsigned char pbAtr[MAX_ATR_SIZE];
 * DWORD dwAtrLen;
 * ...
 * rv = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM, NULL, NULL, &hContext);
 * rv = SCardConnect(hContext, "Reader X", SCARD_SHARE_SHARED,
 *          SCARD_PROTOCOL_RAW, &hCard, &dwActiveProtocol);
 * dwAtrLen = sizeof(pbAtr);
 * rv = SCardGetAttrib(hCard, SCARD_ATTR_ATR_STRING, pbAtr, &dwAtrLen);
 * @endcode
 *
 * @code
 * LONG rv;
 * SCARDCONTEXT hContext;
 * SCARDHANDLE hCard;
 * DWORD dwActiveProtocol;
 * unsigned char *pbAttr;
 * DWORD dwAttrLen;
 * ...
 * rv = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM, NULL, NULL, &hContext);
 * rv = SCardConnect(hContext, "Reader X", SCARD_SHARE_SHARED,
 *          SCARD_PROTOCOL_RAW, &hCard, &dwActiveProtocol);
 * dwAttrLen = SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE;
 * rv = SCardGetAttrib(hCard, SCARD_ATTR_ATR_STRING, (unsigned char *)&pbAttr, &dwAttrLen);
 * @endcode
 */
LONG SCardGetAttrib(SCARDHANDLE hCard, DWORD dwAttrId, LPBYTE pbAttr,
	LPDWORD pcbAttrLen)
{
	LONG ret;
	unsigned char *buf = NULL;

	PROFILE_START

	if (NULL == pcbAttrLen)
	{
		ret = SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER;
		goto end;
	}

	if (SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE == *pcbAttrLen)
	{
		if (NULL == pbAttr)
			return SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER;

		*pcbAttrLen = MAX_BUFFER_SIZE;
		buf = malloc(*pcbAttrLen);
		if (NULL == buf)
		{
			ret = SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY;
			goto end;
		}

		*(unsigned char **)pbAttr = buf;
	}
	else
	{
		buf = pbAttr;

		/* if only get the length */
		if (NULL == pbAttr)
			/* use a reasonable size */
			*pcbAttrLen = MAX_BUFFER_SIZE;
	}

	ret = SCardGetSetAttrib(hCard, SCARD_GET_ATTRIB, dwAttrId, buf,
		pcbAttrLen);

end:
	PROFILE_END(ret)

	return ret;
}

/**
 * @brief Set an attribute of the IFD Handler.
 *
 * The list of attributes you can set is dependent on the IFD Handler you are
 * using.
 *
 * @ingroup API
 * @param[in] hCard Connection made from SCardConnect().
 * @param[in] dwAttrId Identifier for the attribute to set.
 * @param[in] pbAttr Pointer to a buffer that receives the attribute.
 * @param[in] cbAttrLen Length of the \p pbAttr buffer in bytes.
 *
 * @return Error code
 * @retval SCARD_S_SUCCESS Successful (\ref SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER \p cbAttrLen is too big (\ref SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE Invalid \p hCard handle (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER A parameter is NULL and should not (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE The server is not runing (\ref SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NOT_TRANSACTED Data exchange not successful (\ref SCARD_E_NOT_TRANSACTED)
 * @retval SCARD_E_READER_UNAVAILABLE The reader has been removed (\ref SCARD_E_READER_UNAVAILABLE)
 * @retval SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR An internal communications error has been detected (\ref SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR)
 *
 * @code
 * LONG rv;
 * SCARDCONTEXT hContext;
 * SCARDHANDLE hCard;
 * DWORD dwActiveProtocol;
 * unsigned char pbAttr[] = { 0x12, 0x34, 0x56 };
 * ...
 * rv = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM, NULL, NULL, &hContext);
 * rv = SCardConnect(hContext, "Reader X", SCARD_SHARE_SHARED,
 *          SCARD_PROTOCOL_RAW, &hCard, &dwActiveProtocol);
 * rv = SCardSetAttrib(hCard, 0x42000001, pbAttr, sizeof(pbAttr));
 * @endcode
 */
LONG SCardSetAttrib(SCARDHANDLE hCard, DWORD dwAttrId, LPCBYTE pbAttr,
	DWORD cbAttrLen)
{
	LONG ret;

	PROFILE_START

	if (NULL == pbAttr || 0 == cbAttrLen)
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER;

	ret = SCardGetSetAttrib(hCard, SCARD_SET_ATTRIB, dwAttrId, (LPBYTE)pbAttr,
		&cbAttrLen);

	PROFILE_END(ret)

	return ret;
}

static LONG SCardGetSetAttrib(SCARDHANDLE hCard, int command, DWORD dwAttrId,
	LPBYTE pbAttr, LPDWORD pcbAttrLen)
{
	LONG rv;
	struct getset_struct scGetSetStruct;
	SCONTEXTMAP * currentContextMap;
	CHANNEL_MAP * pChannelMap;

	CHECK_SAME_PROCESS

	/*
	 * Make sure this handle has been opened
	 */
	rv = SCardGetContextAndChannelFromHandle(hCard, &currentContextMap,
		&pChannelMap);
	if (rv == -1)
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;

	(void)pthread_mutex_lock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

	/* check the handle is still valid */
	rv = SCardGetContextAndChannelFromHandle(hCard, &currentContextMap,
		&pChannelMap);
	if (rv == -1)
		/* the handle is now invalid
		 * -> another thread may have called SCardReleaseContext
		 * -> so the mMutex has been unlocked */
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;

	if (*pcbAttrLen > MAX_BUFFER_SIZE)
	{
		rv = SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER;
		goto end;
	}

	scGetSetStruct.hCard = hCard;
	scGetSetStruct.dwAttrId = dwAttrId;
	scGetSetStruct.cbAttrLen = *pcbAttrLen;
	scGetSetStruct.rv = SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE;
	memset(scGetSetStruct.pbAttr, 0, sizeof(scGetSetStruct.pbAttr));
	if (SCARD_SET_ATTRIB == command)
		memcpy(scGetSetStruct.pbAttr, pbAttr, *pcbAttrLen);

	rv = MessageSendWithHeader(command, currentContextMap->dwClientID,
		sizeof(scGetSetStruct), &scGetSetStruct);

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	/*
	 * Read a message from the server
	 */
	rv = MessageReceive(&scGetSetStruct, sizeof(scGetSetStruct),
		currentContextMap->dwClientID);

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	if ((SCARD_S_SUCCESS == scGetSetStruct.rv) && (SCARD_GET_ATTRIB == command))
	{
		/*
		 * Copy and zero it so any secret information is not leaked
		 */
		if (*pcbAttrLen < scGetSetStruct.cbAttrLen)
		{
			scGetSetStruct.cbAttrLen = *pcbAttrLen;
			scGetSetStruct.rv = SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER;
		}
		else
			*pcbAttrLen = scGetSetStruct.cbAttrLen;

		if (pbAttr)
			memcpy(pbAttr, scGetSetStruct.pbAttr, scGetSetStruct.cbAttrLen);

		memset(scGetSetStruct.pbAttr, 0x00, sizeof(scGetSetStruct.pbAttr));
	}
	rv = scGetSetStruct.rv;

end:
	(void)pthread_mutex_unlock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

	return rv;
}

/**
 * @brief Sends an APDU to the smart card contained in the reader
 * connected to by SCardConnect().
 *
 * The card responds from the APDU and stores this response in \p pbRecvBuffer
 * and it's length in \p pcbRecvLength.
 * \p pioSendPci and \p pioRecvPci are structures containing the following:
 * @code
 * typedef struct {
 *    DWORD dwProtocol;    // SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0 or SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1
 *    DWORD cbPciLength;   // Length of this structure - not used
 * } SCARD_IO_REQUEST;
 * @endcode
 *
 * @ingroup API
 * @param[in] hCard Connection made from SCardConnect().
 * @param[in,out] pioSendPci Structure of Protocol Control Information.
 * - \ref SCARD_PCI_T0 - Pre-defined T=0 PCI structure.
 * - \ref SCARD_PCI_T1 - Pre-defined T=1 PCI structure.
 * - \ref SCARD_PCI_RAW - Pre-defined RAW PCI structure.
 * @param[in] pbSendBuffer APDU to send to the card.
 * @param[in] cbSendLength Length of the APDU.
 * @param[in,out] pioRecvPci Structure of protocol information.
 * @param[out] pbRecvBuffer Response from the card.
 * @param[in,out] pcbRecvLength Length of the response.
 *
 * @return Error code.
 * @retval SCARD_S_SUCCESS Successful (\ref SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER \p cbSendLength or \p cbRecvLength are too big (\ref SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE Invalid \p hCard handle (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER \p pbSendBuffer or \p pbRecvBuffer or \p pcbRecvLength or \p pioSendPci is null (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_VALUE Invalid Protocol, reader name, etc (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_VALUE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE The server is not runing (\ref SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NOT_TRANSACTED APDU exchange not successful (\ref SCARD_E_NOT_TRANSACTED)
 * @retval SCARD_E_PROTO_MISMATCH Connect protocol is different than desired (\ref SCARD_E_PROTO_MISMATCH)
 * @retval SCARD_E_READER_UNAVAILABLE The reader has been removed (\ref SCARD_E_READER_UNAVAILABLE)
 * @retval SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR An internal communications error has been detected (\ref SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR)
 * @retval SCARD_W_RESET_CARD The card has been reset by another application (\ref SCARD_W_RESET_CARD)
 * @retval SCARD_W_REMOVED_CARD The card has been removed from the reader (\ref SCARD_W_REMOVED_CARD)
 *
 * @code
 * LONG rv;
 * SCARDCONTEXT hContext;
 * SCARDHANDLE hCard;
 * DWORD dwActiveProtocol, dwSendLength, dwRecvLength;
 * SCARD_IO_REQUEST pioRecvPci;
 * BYTE pbRecvBuffer[10];
 * BYTE pbSendBuffer[] = { 0xC0, 0xA4, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x3F, 0x00 };
 * ...
 * rv = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM, NULL, NULL, &hContext);
 * rv = SCardConnect(hContext, "Reader X", SCARD_SHARE_SHARED,
 *          SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0, &hCard, &dwActiveProtocol);
 * dwSendLength = sizeof(pbSendBuffer);
 * dwRecvLength = sizeof(pbRecvBuffer);
 * rv = SCardTransmit(hCard, SCARD_PCI_T0, pbSendBuffer, dwSendLength,
 *          &pioRecvPci, pbRecvBuffer, &dwRecvLength);
 * @endcode
 */
LONG SCardTransmit(SCARDHANDLE hCard, const SCARD_IO_REQUEST *pioSendPci,
	LPCBYTE pbSendBuffer, DWORD cbSendLength,
	SCARD_IO_REQUEST *pioRecvPci, LPBYTE pbRecvBuffer,
	LPDWORD pcbRecvLength)
{
	LONG rv;
	SCONTEXTMAP * currentContextMap;
	CHANNEL_MAP * pChannelMap;
	struct transmit_struct scTransmitStruct;

	PROFILE_START

	if (pbSendBuffer == NULL || pbRecvBuffer == NULL ||
			pcbRecvLength == NULL || pioSendPci == NULL)
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER;

	CHECK_SAME_PROCESS

	/*
	 * Make sure this handle has been opened
	 */
	rv = SCardGetContextAndChannelFromHandle(hCard, &currentContextMap,
		&pChannelMap);
	if (rv == -1)
	{
		*pcbRecvLength = 0;
		PROFILE_END(SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE)
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;
	}

	(void)pthread_mutex_lock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

	/* check the handle is still valid */
	rv = SCardGetContextAndChannelFromHandle(hCard, &currentContextMap,
		&pChannelMap);
	if (rv == -1)
		/* the handle is now invalid
		 * -> another thread may have called SCardReleaseContext
		 * -> so the mMutex has been unlocked */
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;

	if ((cbSendLength > MAX_BUFFER_SIZE_EXTENDED)
		|| (*pcbRecvLength > MAX_BUFFER_SIZE_EXTENDED))
	{
		rv = SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER;
		goto end;
	}

	/* Retry loop for blocking behaviour */
retry:

	scTransmitStruct.hCard = hCard;
	scTransmitStruct.cbSendLength = cbSendLength;
	scTransmitStruct.pcbRecvLength = *pcbRecvLength;
	scTransmitStruct.ioSendPciProtocol = pioSendPci->dwProtocol;
	scTransmitStruct.ioSendPciLength = pioSendPci->cbPciLength;
	scTransmitStruct.rv = SCARD_S_SUCCESS;

	if (pioRecvPci)
	{
		scTransmitStruct.ioRecvPciProtocol = pioRecvPci->dwProtocol;
		scTransmitStruct.ioRecvPciLength = pioRecvPci->cbPciLength;
	}
	else
	{
		scTransmitStruct.ioRecvPciProtocol = SCARD_PROTOCOL_ANY;
		scTransmitStruct.ioRecvPciLength = sizeof(SCARD_IO_REQUEST);
	}

	rv = MessageSendWithHeader(SCARD_TRANSMIT, currentContextMap->dwClientID,
		sizeof(scTransmitStruct), (void *) &scTransmitStruct);

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	/* write the sent buffer */
	rv = MessageSend((void *)pbSendBuffer, cbSendLength,
		currentContextMap->dwClientID);

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	/*
	 * Read a message from the server
	 */
	rv = MessageReceive(&scTransmitStruct, sizeof(scTransmitStruct),
		currentContextMap->dwClientID);

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	if (SCARD_S_SUCCESS == scTransmitStruct.rv)
	{
		/* read the received buffer */
		rv = MessageReceive(pbRecvBuffer, scTransmitStruct.pcbRecvLength,
			currentContextMap->dwClientID);

		if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
			goto end;

		if (pioRecvPci)
		{
			pioRecvPci->dwProtocol = scTransmitStruct.ioRecvPciProtocol;
			pioRecvPci->cbPciLength = scTransmitStruct.ioRecvPciLength;
		}
	}

	rv = scTransmitStruct.rv;

	if (sharing_shall_block && (SCARD_E_SHARING_VIOLATION == rv))
	{
		(void)SYS_USleep(PCSCLITE_LOCK_POLL_RATE);
		goto retry;
	}

	*pcbRecvLength = scTransmitStruct.pcbRecvLength;

end:
	(void)pthread_mutex_unlock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

    PROFILE_END(rv)

	return rv;
}

/**
 * This function returns a list of currently available readers on the system.
 *
 * \p mszReaders is a pointer to a character string that is allocated by the
 * application.  If the application sends \p mszGroups and \p mszReaders as
 * NULL then this function will return the size of the buffer needed to
 * allocate in \p pcchReaders.
 *
 * If \c *pcchReaders is equal to \ref SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE then the function
 * will allocate itself the needed memory. Use SCardFreeMemory() to release it.
 *
 * @ingroup API
 * @param[in] hContext Connection context to the PC/SC Resource Manager.
 * @param[in] mszGroups List of groups to list readers (not used).
 * @param[out] mszReaders Multi-string with list of readers.
 * @param[in,out] pcchReaders Size of multi-string buffer including NULL's.
 *
 * @return Connection status.
 * @retval SCARD_S_SUCCESS Successful (\ref SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER Reader buffer not large enough (\ref SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE Invalid Scope Handle (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER \p pcchReaders is NULL (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY Memory allocation failed (\ref SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_READERS_AVAILABLE No readers available (\ref SCARD_E_NO_READERS_AVAILABLE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE The server is not runing (\ref SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE)
 *
 * @code
 * SCARDCONTEXT hContext;
 * LPSTR mszReaders;
 * DWORD dwReaders;
 * LONG rv;
 * ...
 * rv = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM, NULL, NULL, &hContext);
 * rv = SCardListReaders(hContext, NULL, NULL, &dwReaders);
 * mszReaders = malloc(sizeof(char)*dwReaders);
 * rv = SCardListReaders(hContext, NULL, mszReaders, &dwReaders);
 * @endcode
 *
 * @code
 * SCARDCONTEXT hContext;
 * LPSTR mszReaders;
 * DWORD dwReaders;
 * LONG rv;
 * ...
 * rv = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM, NULL, NULL, &hContext);
 * dwReaders = SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE
 * rv = SCardListReaders(hContext, NULL, (LPSTR)&mszReaders, &dwReaders);
 * rv = SCardFreeMemory(hContext, mszReaders);
 * @endcode
 */
LONG SCardListReaders(SCARDCONTEXT hContext, /*@unused@*/ LPCSTR mszGroups,
	LPSTR mszReaders, LPDWORD pcchReaders)
{
	DWORD dwReadersLen = 0;
	int i;
	SCONTEXTMAP * currentContextMap;
	LONG rv = SCARD_S_SUCCESS;
	char *buf = NULL;

	(void)mszGroups;
	PROFILE_START
	API_TRACE_IN("%ld", hContext)

	/*
	 * Check for NULL parameters
	 */
	if (pcchReaders == NULL)
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER;

	CHECK_SAME_PROCESS

	/*
	 * Make sure this context has been opened
	 */
	currentContextMap = SCardGetContext(hContext);
	if (NULL == currentContextMap)
	{
		PROFILE_END(SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE)
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;
	}

	(void)pthread_mutex_lock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

	/* check the context is still opened */
	currentContextMap = SCardGetContext(hContext);
	if (NULL == currentContextMap)
		/* the context is now invalid
		 * -> another thread may have called SCardReleaseContext
		 * -> so the mMutex has been unlocked */
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;

	/* synchronize reader states with daemon */
	rv = getReaderStates(currentContextMap);
	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	dwReadersLen = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < PCSCLITE_MAX_READERS_CONTEXTS; i++)
		if (readerStates[i].readerName[0] != '\0')
			dwReadersLen += strlen(readerStates[i].readerName) + 1;

	/* for the last NULL byte */
	dwReadersLen += 1;

	if (1 == dwReadersLen)
	{
		rv = SCARD_E_NO_READERS_AVAILABLE;
		goto end;
	}

	if (SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE == *pcchReaders)
	{
		buf = malloc(dwReadersLen);
		if (NULL == buf)
		{
			rv = SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY;
			goto end;
		}
		if (NULL == mszReaders)
		{
			rv = SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER;
			goto end;
		}
		*(char **)mszReaders = buf;
	}
	else
	{
		buf = mszReaders;

		/* not enough place to store the reader names */
		if ((NULL != mszReaders) && (*pcchReaders < dwReadersLen))
		{
			rv = SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER;
			goto end;
		}
	}

	if (mszReaders == NULL)	/* text array not allocated */
		goto end;

	for (i = 0; i < PCSCLITE_MAX_READERS_CONTEXTS; i++)
	{
		if (readerStates[i].readerName[0] != '\0')
		{
			/*
			 * Build the multi-string
			 */
			strcpy(buf, readerStates[i].readerName);
			buf += strlen(readerStates[i].readerName)+1;
		}
	}
	*buf = '\0';	/* Add the last null */

end:
	/* set the reader names length */
	*pcchReaders = dwReadersLen;

	(void)pthread_mutex_unlock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

	PROFILE_END(rv)
	API_TRACE_OUT("%d", *pcchReaders)

	return rv;
}

/**
 * @brief Releases memory that has been returned from the resource manager
 * using the \ref SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE length designator.
 *
 * @ingroup API
 * @param[in] hContext Connection context to the PC/SC Resource Manager.
 * @param[in] pvMem pointer to allocated memory
 *
 * @return Error code.
 * @retval SCARD_S_SUCCESS Successful (\ref SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE Invalid \p hContext handle (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE)
 */

LONG SCardFreeMemory(SCARDCONTEXT hContext, LPCVOID pvMem)
{
	LONG rv = SCARD_S_SUCCESS;
	SCONTEXTMAP * currentContextMap;

	PROFILE_START

	CHECK_SAME_PROCESS

	/*
	 * Make sure this context has been opened
	 */
	currentContextMap = SCardGetContext(hContext);
	if (NULL == currentContextMap)
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;

	free((void *)pvMem);

	PROFILE_END(rv)

	return rv;
}

/**
 * @brief Returns a list of currently available reader groups on
 * the system. \p mszGroups is a pointer to a character string that is
 * allocated by the application.  If the application sends \p mszGroups as NULL
 * then this function will return the size of the buffer needed to allocate in
 * \p pcchGroups.
 *
 * The group names is a multi-string and separated by a nul character (\c
 * '\\0') and ended by a double nul character like
 * \c "SCard$DefaultReaders\\0Group 2\\0\\0".
 *
 * If \c *pcchGroups is equal to \ref SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE then the function
 * will allocate itself the needed memory. Use SCardFreeMemory() to release it.
 *
 * @ingroup API
 * @param[in] hContext Connection context to the PC/SC Resource Manager.
 * @param[out] mszGroups List of groups to list readers.
 * @param[in,out] pcchGroups Size of multi-string buffer including NUL's.
 *
 * @return Error code.
 * @retval SCARD_S_SUCCESS Successful (\ref SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER Reader buffer not large enough (\ref SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE Invalid Scope Handle (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER \p mszGroups is NULL (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY Memory allocation failed (\ref SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE The server is not runing (\ref SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE)
 *
 * @code
 * SCARDCONTEXT hContext;
 * LPSTR mszGroups;
 * DWORD dwGroups;
 * LONG rv;
 * ...
 * rv = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM, NULL, NULL, &hContext);
 * rv = SCardListReaderGroups(hContext, NULL, &dwGroups);
 * mszGroups = malloc(sizeof(char)*dwGroups);
 * rv = SCardListReaderGroups(hContext, mszGroups, &dwGroups);
 * @endcode
 *
 * @code
 * SCARDCONTEXT hContext;
 * LPSTR mszGroups;
 * DWORD dwGroups;
 * LONG rv;
 * ...
 * rv = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM, NULL, NULL, &hContext);
 * dwGroups = SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE;
 * rv = SCardListReaderGroups(hContext, (LPSTR)&mszGroups, &dwGroups);
 * rv = SCardFreeMemory(hContext, mszGroups);
 * @endcode
 */
LONG SCardListReaderGroups(SCARDCONTEXT hContext, LPSTR mszGroups,
	LPDWORD pcchGroups)
{
	LONG rv = SCARD_S_SUCCESS;
	SCONTEXTMAP * currentContextMap;
	char *buf = NULL;

	PROFILE_START

	/* Multi-string with two trailing \0 */
	const char ReaderGroup[] = "SCard$DefaultReaders\0";
	const unsigned int dwGroups = sizeof(ReaderGroup);

	CHECK_SAME_PROCESS

	/*
	 * Make sure this context has been opened
	 */
	currentContextMap = SCardGetContext(hContext);
	if (NULL == currentContextMap)
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;

	(void)pthread_mutex_lock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

	/* check the context is still opened */
	currentContextMap = SCardGetContext(hContext);
	if (NULL == currentContextMap)
		/* the context is now invalid
		 * -> another thread may have called SCardReleaseContext
		 * -> so the mMutex has been unlocked */
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;

	if (SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE == *pcchGroups)
	{
		buf = malloc(dwGroups);
		if (NULL == buf)
		{
			rv = SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY;
			goto end;
		}
		if (NULL == mszGroups)
		{
			rv = SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER;
			goto end;
		}
		*(char **)mszGroups = buf;
	}
	else
	{
		buf = mszGroups;

		if ((NULL != mszGroups) && (*pcchGroups < dwGroups))
		{
			rv = SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER;
			goto end;
		}
	}

	if (buf)
		memcpy(buf, ReaderGroup, dwGroups);

end:
	*pcchGroups = dwGroups;

	(void)pthread_mutex_unlock(currentContextMap->mMutex);

    PROFILE_END(rv)

	return rv;
}

/**
 * This function cancels all pending blocking requests on the
 * SCardGetStatusChange() function.
 *
 * @ingroup API
 * @param[in] hContext Connection context to the PC/SC Resource Manager.
 *
 * @return Error code.
 * @retval SCARD_S_SUCCESS Successful (\ref SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE Invalid \p hContext handle (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE Server is not running (\ref SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE)
 * @retval SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR An internal communications error has been detected (\ref SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR)
 *
 * @code
 * SCARDCONTEXT hContext;
 * DWORD cReaders;
 * SCARD_READERSTATE rgReaderStates;
 * LONG rv;
 * ...
 * rv = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM, NULL, NULL, &hContext);
 * rgReaderStates.szReader = strdup("Reader X");
 * rgReaderStates.dwCurrentState = SCARD_STATE_EMPTY;
 * ...
 * / * Spawn off thread for following function * /
 * ...
 * rv = SCardGetStatusChange(hContext, 0, rgReaderStates, cReaders);
 * rv = SCardCancel(hContext);
 * @endcode
 */
LONG SCardCancel(SCARDCONTEXT hContext)
{
	SCONTEXTMAP * currentContextMap;
	LONG rv = SCARD_S_SUCCESS;
	uint32_t dwClientID = 0;
	struct cancel_struct scCancelStruct;

	PROFILE_START
	API_TRACE_IN("%ld", hContext)

	/*
	 * Make sure this context has been opened
	 */
	currentContextMap = SCardGetContext(hContext);
	if (NULL == currentContextMap)
	{
		rv = SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;
		goto error;
	}

	if (! currentContextMap->cancellable)
	{
		rv = SCARD_S_SUCCESS;
		goto error;
	}

	/* create a new connection to the server */
	if (ClientSetupSession(&dwClientID) != 0)
	{
		rv = SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE;
		goto error;
	}

	scCancelStruct.hContext = hContext;
	scCancelStruct.rv = SCARD_S_SUCCESS;

	rv = MessageSendWithHeader(SCARD_CANCEL, dwClientID,
		sizeof(scCancelStruct), (void *) &scCancelStruct);

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	/*
	 * Read a message from the server
	 */
	rv = MessageReceive(&scCancelStruct, sizeof(scCancelStruct), dwClientID);

	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		goto end;

	rv = scCancelStruct.rv;
end:
	ClientCloseSession(dwClientID);

error:
	PROFILE_END(rv)
	API_TRACE_OUT("")

	return rv;
}

/**
 * @brief Check if a \ref SCARDCONTEXT is valid.
 *
 * Call this function to determine whether a smart card context handle is still
 * valid. After a smart card context handle has been set by
 * SCardEstablishContext(), it may become not valid if the resource manager
 * service has been shut down.
 *
 * @ingroup API
 * @param[in] hContext Connection context to the PC/SC Resource Manager.
 *
 * @return Error code.
 * @retval SCARD_S_SUCCESS Successful (\ref SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE Invalid Handle (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE)
 *
 * @code
 * SCARDCONTEXT hContext;
 * LONG rv;
 * ...
 * rv = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM, NULL, NULL, &hContext);
 * rv = SCardIsValidContext(hContext);
 * @endcode
 */
LONG SCardIsValidContext(SCARDCONTEXT hContext)
{
	LONG rv;
	SCONTEXTMAP * currentContextMap;

	PROFILE_START
	API_TRACE_IN("%ld", hContext)

	rv = SCARD_S_SUCCESS;

	/* Check if the _same_ server is running */
	CHECK_SAME_PROCESS

	/*
	 * Make sure this context has been opened
	 */
	currentContextMap = SCardGetContext(hContext);
	if (currentContextMap == NULL)
		rv = SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;

	PROFILE_END(rv)
	API_TRACE_OUT("")

	return rv;
}

/**
 * Functions for managing instances of SCardEstablishContext() These functions
 * keep track of Context handles and associate the blocking
 * variable contextBlockStatus to an hContext
 */

/**
 * @brief Adds an Application Context to the vector \c _psContextMap.
 *
 * @param[in] hContext Application Context ID.
 * @param[in] dwClientID Client connection ID.
 *
 * @return Error code.
 * @retval SCARD_S_SUCCESS Success (\ref SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY There is no free slot to store \p hContext (\ref SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY)
 */
static LONG SCardAddContext(SCARDCONTEXT hContext, DWORD dwClientID)
{
	int lrv;
	SCONTEXTMAP * newContextMap;

	newContextMap = malloc(sizeof(SCONTEXTMAP));
	if (NULL == newContextMap)
		return SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY;

	Log2(PCSC_LOG_DEBUG, "Allocating new SCONTEXTMAP @%X", newContextMap);
	newContextMap->hContext = hContext;
	newContextMap->dwClientID = dwClientID;
	newContextMap->cancellable = FALSE;

	newContextMap->mMutex = malloc(sizeof(pthread_mutex_t));
	if (NULL == newContextMap->mMutex)
	{
		Log2(PCSC_LOG_DEBUG, "Freeing SCONTEXTMAP @%X", newContextMap);
		free(newContextMap);
		return SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY;
	}
	(void)pthread_mutex_init(newContextMap->mMutex, NULL);

	lrv = list_init(&(newContextMap->channelMapList));
	if (lrv < 0)
	{
		Log2(PCSC_LOG_CRITICAL, "list_init failed with return value: %d", lrv);
		goto error;
	}

	lrv = list_attributes_seeker(&(newContextMap->channelMapList),
		CHANNEL_MAP_seeker);
	if (lrv <0)
	{
		Log2(PCSC_LOG_CRITICAL,
			"list_attributes_seeker failed with return value: %d", lrv);
		list_destroy(&(newContextMap->channelMapList));
		goto error;
	}

	lrv = list_append(&contextMapList, newContextMap);
	if (lrv < 0)
	{
		Log2(PCSC_LOG_CRITICAL, "list_append failed with return value: %d",
			lrv);
		list_destroy(&(newContextMap->channelMapList));
		goto error;
	}

	return SCARD_S_SUCCESS;

error:

	(void)pthread_mutex_destroy(newContextMap->mMutex);
	free(newContextMap->mMutex);
	free(newContextMap);

	return SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY;
}

/**
 * @brief Get the index from the Application Context vector \c _psContextMap
 * for the passed context.
 *
 * This function is a thread-safe wrapper to the function
 * SCardGetContextTH().
 *
 * @param[in] hContext Application Context whose index will be find.
 *
 * @return Index corresponding to the Application Context or -1 if it is
 * not found.
 */
static SCONTEXTMAP * SCardGetContext(SCARDCONTEXT hContext)
{
	SCONTEXTMAP * currentContextMap;

	(void)SCardLockThread();
	currentContextMap = SCardGetContextTH(hContext);
	(void)SCardUnlockThread();

	return currentContextMap;
}

/**
 * @brief Get the address from the Application Context list \c _psContextMap
 * for the passed context.
 *
 * This functions is not thread-safe and should not be called. Instead, call
 * the function SCardGetContext().
 *
 * @param[in] hContext Application Context whose index will be find.
 *
 * @return Address corresponding to the Application Context or NULL if it is
 * not found.
 */
static SCONTEXTMAP * SCardGetContextTH(SCARDCONTEXT hContext)
{
	return list_seek(&contextMapList, &hContext);
}

/**
 * @brief Removes an Application Context from a control vector.
 *
 * @param[in] hContext Application Context to be removed.
 *
 * @return Error code.
 * @retval SCARD_S_SUCCESS Success (\ref SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE The context \p hContext was not found (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE)
 */
static LONG SCardRemoveContext(SCARDCONTEXT hContext)
{
	SCONTEXTMAP * currentContextMap;
	currentContextMap = SCardGetContextTH(hContext);

	if (NULL == currentContextMap)
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;
	else
		return SCardCleanContext(currentContextMap);
}

static LONG SCardCleanContext(SCONTEXTMAP * targetContextMap)
{
	int list_index, lrv;
	int listSize;
	CHANNEL_MAP * currentChannelMap;

	targetContextMap->hContext = 0;
	(void)ClientCloseSession(targetContextMap->dwClientID);
	targetContextMap->dwClientID = 0;
	(void)pthread_mutex_destroy(targetContextMap->mMutex);
	free(targetContextMap->mMutex);
	targetContextMap->mMutex = NULL;

	listSize = list_size(&(targetContextMap->channelMapList));
	for (list_index = 0; list_index < listSize; list_index++)
	{
		currentChannelMap = list_get_at(&(targetContextMap->channelMapList),
			list_index);
		if (NULL == currentChannelMap)
		{
			Log2(PCSC_LOG_CRITICAL, "list_get_at failed for index %d",
				list_index);
			continue;
		}
		else
		{
			free(currentChannelMap->readerName);
			free(currentChannelMap);
		}

	}
	list_destroy(&(targetContextMap->channelMapList));

	lrv = list_delete(&contextMapList, targetContextMap);
	if (lrv < 0)
	{
		Log2(PCSC_LOG_CRITICAL,
			"list_delete failed with return value: %d", lrv);
	}

	free(targetContextMap);

	return SCARD_S_SUCCESS;
}

/*
 * Functions for managing hCard values returned from SCardConnect.
 */

static LONG SCardAddHandle(SCARDHANDLE hCard, SCONTEXTMAP * currentContextMap,
	LPCSTR readerName)
{
	CHANNEL_MAP * newChannelMap;
	int lrv = -1;

	newChannelMap = malloc(sizeof(CHANNEL_MAP));
	if (NULL == newChannelMap)
		return SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY;

	newChannelMap->hCard = hCard;
	newChannelMap->readerName = strdup(readerName);

	lrv = list_append(&(currentContextMap->channelMapList), newChannelMap);
	if (lrv < 0)
	{
		free(newChannelMap->readerName);
		free(newChannelMap);
		Log2(PCSC_LOG_CRITICAL, "list_append failed with return value: %d",
			lrv);
		return SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY;
	}

	return SCARD_S_SUCCESS;
}

static LONG SCardRemoveHandle(SCARDHANDLE hCard)
{
	SCONTEXTMAP * currentContextMap;
	CHANNEL_MAP * currentChannelMap;
	int lrv;
	LONG rv;

	rv = SCardGetContextAndChannelFromHandle(hCard, &currentContextMap,
		&currentChannelMap);
	if (rv == -1)
		return SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;

	free(currentChannelMap->readerName);

	lrv = list_delete(&(currentContextMap->channelMapList), currentChannelMap);
	if (lrv < 0)
	{
		Log2(PCSC_LOG_CRITICAL,
			"list_delete failed with return value: %d", lrv);
	}

	free(currentChannelMap);

	return SCARD_S_SUCCESS;
}

static LONG SCardGetContextAndChannelFromHandle(SCARDHANDLE hCard,
	SCONTEXTMAP **targetContextMap, CHANNEL_MAP ** targetChannelMap)
{
	LONG rv;

	if (0 == hCard)
		return -1;

	(void)SCardLockThread();
	rv = SCardGetContextAndChannelFromHandleTH(hCard, targetContextMap,
		targetChannelMap);
	(void)SCardUnlockThread();

	return rv;
}

static LONG SCardGetContextAndChannelFromHandleTH(SCARDHANDLE hCard,
	SCONTEXTMAP **targetContextMap, CHANNEL_MAP ** targetChannelMap)
{
	int listSize;
	int list_index;
	SCONTEXTMAP * currentContextMap;
	CHANNEL_MAP * currentChannelMap;

	/* Best to get the caller a crash early if we fail unsafely */
	*targetContextMap = NULL;
	*targetChannelMap = NULL;

	listSize = list_size(&contextMapList);

	for (list_index = 0; list_index < listSize; list_index++)
	{
		currentContextMap = list_get_at(&contextMapList, list_index);
		if (currentContextMap == NULL)
		{
			Log2(PCSC_LOG_CRITICAL, "list_get_at failed for index %d",
				list_index);
			continue;
		}
		currentChannelMap = list_seek(&(currentContextMap->channelMapList),
			&hCard);
		if (currentChannelMap != NULL)
		{
			*targetContextMap = currentContextMap;
			*targetChannelMap = currentChannelMap;
			return SCARD_S_SUCCESS;
		}
	}

	return -1;
}

/**
 * @brief Checks if the server is running.
 *
 * If the server has been restarted we invalidate all the PC/SC handles.
 * The client has to call SCardEstablishContext() again.
 *
 * @return Error code.
 * @retval SCARD_S_SUCCESS Server is running (\ref SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
 * @retval SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE Server is not running (\ref SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE)
 * @retval SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE Server was restarted or after fork() (\ref SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE)
 */
LONG SCardCheckDaemonAvailability(void)
{
	LONG rv;
	struct stat statBuffer;
	char *socketName;

	socketName = getSocketName();
	rv = stat(socketName, &statBuffer);

	if (rv != 0)
	{
		Log3(PCSC_LOG_INFO, "PCSC Not Running: %s: %s",
			socketName, strerror(errno));
		return SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE;
	}

	return SCARD_S_SUCCESS;
}

#ifdef DO_CHECK_SAME_PROCESS
static LONG SCardInvalidateHandles(void)
{
	/* invalid all handles */
	(void)SCardLockThread();

	while (list_size(&contextMapList) != 0)
	{
		SCONTEXTMAP * currentContextMap;

		currentContextMap = list_get_at(&contextMapList, 0);
		if (currentContextMap != NULL)
			(void)SCardCleanContext(currentContextMap);
		else
			Log1(PCSC_LOG_CRITICAL, "list_get_at returned NULL");
	}

	(void)SCardUnlockThread();

	return SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE;
}

static LONG SCardCheckSameProcess(void)
{
	/* after fork() need to restart */
	if ((client_pid && client_pid != getpid()))
	{
		Log1(PCSC_LOG_INFO, "Client forked");
		return SCardInvalidateHandles();
	}

	client_pid = getpid();

	return SCARD_S_SUCCESS;
}
#endif

static LONG getReaderStates(SCONTEXTMAP * currentContextMap)
{
	int32_t dwClientID = currentContextMap->dwClientID;
	LONG rv;

	rv = MessageSendWithHeader(CMD_GET_READERS_STATE, dwClientID, 0, NULL);
	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		return rv;

	/* Read a message from the server */
	rv = MessageReceive(&readerStates, sizeof(readerStates), dwClientID);
	if (rv != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
		return rv;

	return SCARD_S_SUCCESS;
}